Life-long oligodendrocyte development and plasticity.

Life-long oligodendrocyte development and plasticity.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.02.004
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发表时间:
2021-08
影响因子:
7.3
通讯作者:
Richardson WD
Richardson WD
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nishiyama A;Shimizu T;Sherafat A;Richardson WD

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少突胶质细胞前体细胞(Oligodendrocyte precursor cells,OPCs)起源于胚胎神经管中的局部生发区,然后迁移和增殖以填充整个中枢神经系统,包括白色和灰质。它们在出生后和成年期分裂并产生髓鞘少突胶质细胞(OL)。OPCs表达NG2和血小板源性生长因子受体α亚基(PDGFRα),这两种功能重要的细胞表面蛋白,也被广泛用作OPCs的标志物。OPCs的增殖、终末分化为OL、新OL的存活和髓磷脂的合成都是由局部微环境中的信号协调的。我们讨论了旁分泌作用机制的研究进展,包括通过PDGFRα介导的旁分泌作用和神经元活性依赖性信号,如通过AMPA受体介导的OL存活和髓鞘形成。最后,我们回顾了最近的研究支持的作用,新的OL生产和“适应性髓鞘形成”的特定行为和认知过程有助于学习和长期记忆的形成。我们的文章不打算是全面的,但反映了作者的过去和现在的利益。
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) originate in localized germinal zones in the embryonic neural tube, then migrate and proliferate to populate the entire central nervous system, both white and gray matter. They divide and generate myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs) throughout postnatal and adult life. OPCs express NG2 and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha subunit (PDGFRα), two functionally important cell surface proteins, which are also widely used as markers for OPCs. The proliferation of OPCs, their terminal differentiation into OLs, survival of new OLs, and myelin synthesis are orchestrated by signals in the local microenvironment. We discuss advances in our mechanistic understanding of paracrine effects, including those mediated through PDGFRα and neuronal activity-dependent signals such as those mediated through AMPA receptors in OL survival and myelination. Finally, we review recent studies supporting the role of new OL production and “adaptive myelination” in specific behaviours and cognitive processes contributing to learning and long-term memory formation. Our article is not intended to be comprehensive but reflects the authors’ past and present interests.
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