DNA replication origins.

DNA replication origins.
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DOI:
10.1101/cshperspect.a010116
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发表时间:
2013-10-01
影响因子:
7.2
通讯作者:
Méchali M
Méchali M
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Leonard AC;Méchali M

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基因组DNA合成的开始需要特定的启动蛋白与DNA精确的相互作用,在复制机制可以装载的地方。这些位点被定义为复制起点,在迄今为止所检查的所有原核生物染色体的几个独特位置上被发现。然而,复制起点分散在后生动物染色体的成千上万个位点中,因此提出了关于特定核苷酸序列和染色质环境在起点选择中的作用以及启动子识别复制起点的机制的问题。对细菌和古细菌复制起源的仔细研究揭示了一系列DNA序列基序,这些基序可以定位单个启动子蛋白分子并促进启动子在起源DNA上的寡聚化。相反,在真核生物复制起源中对特定识别序列的需求是宽松的。事实上,起源选择的主要规则似乎是灵活性,这是一种由结构因素或表观遗传机制调节的特征,至少部分与基因表达的基因组组织有关。
The onset of genomic DNA synthesis requires precise interactions of specialized initiator proteins with DNA at sites where the replication machinery can be loaded. These sites, defined as replication origins, are found at a few unique locations in all of the prokaryotic chromosomes examined so far. However, replication origins are dispersed among tens of thousands of loci in metazoan chromosomes, thereby raising questions regarding the role of specific nucleotide sequences and chromatin environment in origin selection and the mechanisms used by initiators to recognize replication origins. Close examination of bacterial and archaeal replication origins reveals an array of DNA sequence motifs that position individual initiator protein molecules and promote initiator oligomerization on origin DNA. Conversely, the need for specific recognition sequences in eukaryotic replication origins is relaxed. In fact, the primary rule for origin selection appears to be flexibility, a feature that is modulated either by structural elements or by epigenetic mechanisms at least partly linked to the organization of the genome for gene expression.
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