Decadal potential predictability of upper ocean heat content over the twentieth century

Decadal potential predictability of upper ocean heat content over the twentieth century
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二十世纪上层海洋热含量的十年潜在可预测性

DOI:
10.1007/s00382-016-3513-9
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发表时间:
2016-12
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Lixin Wu
Lixin Wu
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shujun Li;Liping Zhang;Lixin Wu

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本文采用平均可预报时间分解(APT)的统计方法,分别对全球海洋、北太平洋和北大西洋上层海洋热含量的年代际可预报性进行了估计。本研究的主要数据来源是来自CMIP 5输出的二十世纪世纪模拟。在全球范围内,主要的可预测成分的特点是大多数海洋的变暖趋势,这与人为强迫反应有关。第二个可预报分量在北大西洋,特别是在副热带地区有显著的负荷,这源于大西洋年代际振荡(AMO)的可预报性。为了分离不同海洋盆地之间的相互作用,我们进一步最大限度地在个别北太平洋和北大西洋的APT。结果表明,北太平洋第二、第三可预报分量分别与著名的北太平洋环流振荡模态和太平洋年代际振荡模态有显著的相关。这两个分量的上限预测能力在6年左右。相比之下,来自北大西洋的最可预测的组成部分具有AMO-like的空间结构,其预测技能长达18年,而由于全球变暖的盆地模式仅作为第三个组成部分存在。这表明北大西洋的年代际变化足以掩盖人为气候信号。此外,在真实的世界的可预报性也进行了研究,并通过使用基于观测的数据与模式的结果进行了比较。
The statistical method, Average Predictability Time (APT) decomposition, is used in the present paper to estimate the decadal predictability of upper ocean heat content over the global ocean, North Pacific and North Atlantic, respectively. The twentieth century simulations from CMIP5 outputs are the main data sources in this study. On global scale, the leading predictable component is characterized by a warming trend over the majority of oceans, which is related to the anthropogenic forced response. The second predictable component has significant loadings in the North Atlantic, especially in the subtropical region, which originates from the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) predictability. To separate interactions among different ocean basins, we further maximize APT in individual North Pacific and North Atlantic oceans. It is found that the second and the third predictable component in North Pacific are significantly correlated with the well-known North Pacific Gyre Oscillation mode and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation respectively. Upper limit prediction skill of these two components are on the order of 6 years. In contrast, the most predictable component derived from the North Atlantic features an AMO-like spatial structure with its prediction skill up to 18 years, while the basin mode due to global warming only exists as the third component. This indicates the interdecadal variability in the North Atlantic is strong enough to mask the anthropogenic climate signals. Furthermore, predictability in the real world is also investigated and compared with model results by using observation-based data.
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