Spatio-temporal variation in bird assemblages is associated with fluctuations in temperature and precipitation along a tropical elevational gradient.
Spatio-temporal variation in bird assemblages is associated with fluctuations in temperature and precipitation along a tropical elevational gradient.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0196179
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Neuschulz EL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Santillán V;Quitián M;Tinoco BA;Zárate E;Schleuning M;Böhning-Gaese K;Neuschulz EL
了解物种聚集的时空动态是生态学的一个主要挑战。形成物种组合及其沿着热带海拔梯度的时间波动的机制尤其知之甚少。在这里，我们研究了时空动态的鸟类组合沿着在厄瓜多尔的海拔梯度。我们进行了鸟类点计数在三个海拔高度（1000，2000和3000米）的18个1公顷的地块，并重复采样8次超过两年（共216小时）。对于每个地块，我们获得了每月温度和降水量的数据，并记录了整体资源可用性（即，花、果实和无脊椎动物资源的总和）。正如预期的那样，鸟类丰富度从低海拔到高海拔逐渐下降。此外，我们发现一个显着的减少，鸟类的丰度和丰富度和增加的均匀度之间的最潮湿的季节和最少的三个海拔。气候因素与这些时间波动的关系比当地资源的可用性更密切。虽然温度有显着的积极影响，在中高海拔的鸟类丰度，降水量的负面影响，在低海拔和中海拔的鸟类丰度。我们的研究强调，鸟类组合沿沿着热带海拔梯度可以显示出明显的季节性波动。特别是，低温和高降水量似乎对鸟类施加了重要的限制。我们的结论是，潜在的气候变化，由于全球变暖，很可能会影响时空动态的鸟类聚集沿着热带海拔梯度。
Understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of species assemblages is a main challenge in ecology. The mechanisms that shape species assemblages and their temporal fluctuations along tropical elevational gradients are particularly poorly understood. Here, we examined the spatio-temporal dynamics of bird assemblages along an elevational gradient in Ecuador. We conducted bird point counts at three elevations (1000, 2000 and 3000 m) on 18 1-ha plots and repeated the sampling eight times over two years (216 hours in total). For each plot, we obtained data of monthly temperatures and precipitation and recorded the overall resource availability (i.e., the sum of flower, fruit, and invertebrate resources). As expected, bird richness decreased from low to high elevations. Moreover, we found a significant decrease in bird abundance and richness and an increase in evenness between the most and least humid season at each of the three elevations. Climatic factors were more closely related to these temporal fluctuations than local resource availability. While temperature had significant positive effects on the abundance of birds at mid and high elevations, precipitation negatively affected bird abundance at low and mid elevations. Our study highlights that bird assemblages along tropical elevational gradients can show pronounced seasonal fluctuations. In particular, low temperatures and high precipitation seem to impose important constraints on birds. We conclude that potential changes in climate, due to global warming, are likely to affect the spatio-temporal dynamics of bird assemblages along tropical elevational gradients.
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