Why are there so many species in the tropics?

Why are there so many species in the tropics?
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DOI:
10.1111/jbi.12228
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发表时间:
2014-01
影响因子:
3.9
通讯作者:
Brown JH
Brown JH
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Brown JH

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几个世纪以来,从两极到赤道生物多样性不断增加的地理格局是地球上生命最普遍的特征之一。生物地理学家的一个长期目标是了解在热带地区产生和维持高度多样性的主要因素。许多“历史的”和“生态的”假说已经被提出和辩论,但仍然没有什么共识。最近的讨论集中在两个主要现象:系统发育生态位保守主义和生态生产力。这两个因素发挥着重要作用,但积累的理论和经验研究表明,最重要的一个因素是动力学:生态和进化速率的温度依赖性。热带相对较高的温度产生并保持了高度的多样性,因为“红皇后在炎热的时候跑得更快”。
Known for centuries, the geographical pattern of increasing biodiversity from the poles to the equator is one of the most pervasive features of life on Earth. A longstanding goal of biogeographers has been to understand the primary factors that generate and maintain high diversity in the tropics. Many ‘historical’ and ‘ecological’ hypotheses have been proposed and debated, but there is still little consensus. Recent discussions have centred around two main phenomena: phylogenetic niche conservatism and ecological productivity. These two factors play important roles, but accumulating theoretical and empirical studies suggest that the single most important factor is kinetics: the temperature dependence of ecological and evolutionary rates. The relatively high temperatures in the tropics generate and maintain high diversity because ‘the Red Queen runs faster when she is hot’.
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