Caffeine in the Diet: Country-Level Consumption and Guidelines.

Caffeine in the Diet: Country-Level Consumption and Guidelines.
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饮食中的咖啡因:国家水平的消费和准则。

DOI:
10.3390/nu10111772
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发表时间:
2018-11-15
期刊:
影响因子:
5.9
通讯作者:
Cornelis MC
Cornelis MC
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Reyes CM;Cornelis MC

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咖啡、茶、含咖啡因的苏打水和能量饮料是饮食中咖啡因的重要来源,但每种饮料都具有其他独特的营养特性。我们回顾了我们对饮食中咖啡因及其对人类健康影响的更多了解和关注如何转化为基于食物的膳食指南 (FBDG)。以粮食及农业组织列出的 90 个 FBDG 国家名单为起点,我们在 81 个 FBDG 和其中 56 个国家的 CCB 消费数据(销量)中发现了咖啡因或含咖啡因饮料 (CCB)。茶和苏打水是非洲和亚太国家销售的主要 CCB,而咖啡和苏打水是欧洲、北美、拉丁美洲和加勒比地区的首选。 FBDG 中观察到的关键主题包括 (i) 咖啡因摄入上限以避免风险,(ii) CCB 作为白开水的替代品,(iii) CCB 作为添加糖来源,以及 (iv) CCB 消费的健康益处。总之,FBDG 通过指出 CCB 对特殊人群的潜在不利/未知影响、高糖含量以及利尿、精神刺激和营养抑制特性,对 CCB 提出了不利的看法。很少有 FBDG 将这些信息与支持特定饮料类型潜在益处的最新数据进行平衡。
Coffee, tea, caffeinated soda, and energy drinks are important sources of caffeine in the diet but each present with other unique nutritional properties. We review how our increased knowledge and concern with regard to caffeine in the diet and its impact on human health has been translated into food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG). Using the Food and Agriculture Organization list of 90 countries with FBDG as a starting point, we found reference to caffeine or caffeine-containing beverages (CCB) in 81 FBDG and CCB consumption data (volume sales) for 56 of these countries. Tea and soda are the leading CCB sold in African and Asian/Pacific countries while coffee and soda are preferred in Europe, North America, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Key themes observed across FBDG include (i) caffeine-intake upper limits to avoid risks, (ii) CCB as replacements for plain water, (iii) CCB as added-sugar sources, and (iv) health benefits of CCB consumption. In summary, FBDG provide an unfavorable view of CCB by noting their potential adverse/unknown effects on special populations and their high sugar content, as well as their diuretic, psycho-stimulating, and nutrient inhibitory properties. Few FBDG balanced these messages with recent data supporting potential benefits of specific beverage types.
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