Kelpwatch: A new visualization and analysis tool to explore kelp canopy dynamics reveals variable response to and recovery from marine heatwaves.
Kelpwatch: A new visualization and analysis tool to explore kelp canopy dynamics reveals variable response to and recovery from marine heatwaves.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0271477
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Gleason, Mary
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bell, Tom C.;Cavanaugh, Kyle F.;Saccomanno, Vienna;Cavanaugh, Katherine;Houskeeper, Henry;Eddy, Norah;Schuetzenmeister, Falk;Rindlaub, Nathaniel;Gleason, Mary
巨藻和巨藻森林越来越多地受到海洋热浪事件、食草动物爆发以及主要食草动物捕食者行为丧失或改变的威胁。这些海带的动态漂浮冠层非常适合通过卫星图像进行研究，卫星图像提供了美国西部和墨西哥漂浮海带冠层的高时空分辨率数据。然而，卫星图像数据集的规模和复杂性使科学家和管理人员难以进行生态分析。为了提高这个丰富数据集的可访问性，我们创建了基于Web的可视化和分析工具Kelpwatch。该工具使研究人员和管理人员能够量化海带森林的变化，以应对干扰，评估历史趋势，并允许有效和可操作的海带森林管理。在这里，我们演示了如何使用Kelpwatch来分析各地区海带冠层的长期趋势，量化2014年至2016年海洋热浪事件的响应和恢复的空间变异性，并提供加州蒙特雷半岛周围海带冠层状态的本地分析。我们发现，18.6%的区域网站显示了显着的趋势，在过去的38年中，海带冠层面积，并有一个纬度的响应热浪事件的每种海带。热浪事件的恢复在空间上变化更大，南下加利福尼亚的Bahía Tortugas等一些局部地区显示出较高的恢复率，而与加州中部地区的其他地区相比，蒙特雷半岛周围的海带冠层继续缓慢下降和零星恢复。Kelpwatch提供接近真实的时间空间数据和分析支持，并使复杂的地球观测数据可供科学家和管理人员操作，这可以帮助确定研究，监测和管理工作的领域。
Giant kelp and bull kelp forests are increasingly at risk from marine heatwave events, herbivore outbreaks, and the loss or alterations in the behavior of key herbivore predators. The dynamic floating canopy of these kelps is well-suited to study via satellite imagery, which provides high temporal and spatial resolution data of floating kelp canopy across the western United States and Mexico. However, the size and complexity of the satellite image dataset has made ecological analysis difficult for scientists and managers. To increase accessibility of this rich dataset, we created Kelpwatch, a web-based visualization and analysis tool. This tool allows researchers and managers to quantify kelp forest change in response to disturbances, assess historical trends, and allow for effective and actionable kelp forest management. Here, we demonstrate how Kelpwatch can be used to analyze long-term trends in kelp canopy across regions, quantify spatial variability in the response to and recovery from the 2014 to 2016 marine heatwave events, and provide a local analysis of kelp canopy status around the Monterey Peninsula, California. We found that 18.6% of regional sites displayed a significant trend in kelp canopy area over the past 38 years and that there was a latitudinal response to heatwave events for each kelp species. The recovery from heatwave events was more variable across space, with some local areas like Bahía Tortugas in Baja California Sur showing high recovery while kelp canopies around the Monterey Peninsula continued a slow decline and patchy recovery compared to the rest of the Central California region. Kelpwatch provides near real time spatial data and analysis support and makes complex earth observation data actionable for scientists and managers, which can help identify areas for research, monitoring, and management efforts.
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