The Role of Microglia during West Nile Virus Infection of the Central Nervous System.
The Role of Microglia during West Nile Virus Infection of the Central Nervous System.
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DOI：
10.3390/vaccines8030485
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发表时间：
2020-08-28
期刊：
影响因子：
7.8
通讯作者：
Tyler KL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stonedahl S;Clarke P;Tyler KL
病毒感染引起的脑炎是全世界住院和死亡的主要原因。西尼罗河病毒(WNV)是当今美国病毒性脑炎的主要原因之一，是一个重大的健康问题。西尼罗河病毒侵袭中枢神经系统(CNS)，直接感染神经元并诱导神经元死亡，部分是通过激活caspase 3介导的细胞凋亡。西尼罗河病毒感染还会导致神经炎症，其特征是激活天然免疫细胞，包括小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞，产生炎性细胞因子，血脑屏障破坏，外周血白细胞渗入。小胶质细胞是大脑的常驻免疫细胞，监测中枢神经系统是否有损伤或病原体的迹象。感染西尼罗河病毒后，小胶质细胞表现出与激活一致的形态变化，并与促炎细胞因子的表达增加有关。最近的研究集中在破译小胶质细胞在西尼罗河病毒脑炎中的作用。小胶质细胞通过限制病毒的生长和降低小鼠的死亡率在感染期间发挥保护作用。然而，它也似乎激活的小胶质细胞被T细胞触发，在感染的后期介导突触消除，这可能导致神经侵袭性西尼罗河病毒感染后的长期神经功能障碍。本文将讨论小胶质细胞在神经侵袭性西尼罗河病毒感染发病机制中的重要作用。了解小胶质细胞在西尼罗河病毒感染过程中的确切作用可能有助于提高治疗和管理西尼罗河病毒脑炎的能力。
Encephalitis resulting from viral infections is a major cause of hospitalization and death worldwide. West Nile Virus (WNV) is a substantial health concern as it is one of the leading causes of viral encephalitis in the United States today. WNV infiltrates the central nervous system (CNS), where it directly infects neurons and induces neuronal cell death, in part, via activation of caspase 3-mediated apoptosis. WNV infection also induces neuroinflammation characterized by activation of innate immune cells, including microglia and astrocytes, production of inflammatory cytokines, breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, and infiltration of peripheral leukocytes. Microglia are the resident immune cells of the brain and monitor the CNS for signs of injury or pathogens. Following infection with WNV, microglia exhibit a change in morphology consistent with activation and are associated with increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Recent research has focused on deciphering the role of microglia during WNV encephalitis. Microglia play a protective role during infections by limiting viral growth and reducing mortality in mice. However, it also appears that activated microglia are triggered by T cells to mediate synaptic elimination at late times during infection, which may contribute to long-term neurological deficits following a neuroinvasive WNV infection. This review will discuss the important role of microglia in the pathogenesis of a neuroinvasive WNV infection. Knowledge of the precise role of microglia during a WNV infection may lead to a greater ability to treat and manage WNV encephalitis.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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