Change in the North Sea ecosystem from the 1970s to the 2010s: great skua diets reflect changing forage fish, seabirds, and fisheries

Change in the North Sea ecosystem from the 1970s to the 2010s: great skua diets reflect changing forage fish, seabirds, and fisheries
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2010 年代北海生态系统的变化:贼鸥的饮食反映了饵料鱼、海鸟和渔业的变化

DOI:
10.1093/icesjms/fsy165
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Church G
Church G
中科院分区:
农林科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Church G

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了解人为影响对于维持海洋生态系统健康至关重要。近几十年来,北海发生了变化,主要原因是商业捕鱼和气候变化。海鸟可以作为这些变化的有用指标。通过分析苏格兰北部大贼鸥在 1970 年代到 2010 年代(1973-2017 年 36 年)的 5 年间吐出的 n= 20 013 个颗粒和 n= 24 993 个耳石,我们揭示了这种顶级捕食者的饮食是如何随着北海生态系统的变化而变化的。 SandeelsAmdytesspp。是 20 世纪 70 年代最常见的饮食项目,但从 20 世纪 80 年代起几乎消失了。尽管北海丢弃物产量长期下降,但从 20 世纪 80 年代至今,丢弃的白鲑在贼鸥饮食中占据主导地位。然而,贼鸥吃掉的废弃鱼变小了,物种组成也发生了变化。在 20 世纪 70 年代,贼鸥颗粒中很少含有鸟类猎物,但在 1980 年代有所增加,从 1990 年代到 2010 年代在 10% 到 20% 之间波动。饮食中的鸟类猎物也发生了变化——黑腿三趾鸥通常被海雀所取代。设得兰海洋生态系统的檀鳗种群和以它们为食的海鸟数量急剧下降。在大量丢弃物的支持下,大贼鸥已经能够通过捕食转变来应对这种变化,使它们能够在其他海鸟物种数量下降的情况下保持良好的种群状况。
Understanding anthropogenic impacts are crucial to maintain marine ecosystem health. The North Sea has changed in recent decades, largely due to commercial fishing and climate change. Seabirds can act as useful indicators of these changes. By analyzingn= 20 013 pellets andn= 24 993 otoliths regurgitated by great skuasStercorarius skuain northern Scotland over five decades from the 1970s to the 2010s (in 36 years 1973–2017), we reveal how the diet of this top predator has changed alongside the changing North Sea ecosystem. SandeelsAmmodytesspp. were the most common dietary item during the 1970s, but became virtually absent from the 1980s onward. Discarded whitefish dominated skua diets from the 1980s to the present day, despite long-term declines in North Sea discard production. However, the discarded fish eaten by great skuas has become smaller and the species composition changed. Skua pellets only rarely contained avian prey in the 1970s but this increased during the 1980s, and fluctuated between 10% and 20% from the 1990s to 2010s. There have also been changes in the avian prey in the diet—black-legged kittiwakesRissa tridactylagenerally being replaced by auksAlcidspp. and northern fulmarsFulmarus glacialis.The Shetland marine ecosystem has experienced steep declines in sandeel stocks and in seabirds that feed on them. Great skuas have been able to prey switch to respond to this change, supported by abundant discards, enabling them to maintain a favourable population status while other seabird species have declined.
自下而上和自上而下的共同压力导致苏格兰北极贼鸥数量灾难性下降
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