TRF1 phosphorylation on T271 modulates telomerase-dependent telomere length maintenance as well as the formation of ALT-associated PML bodies.

TRF1 phosphorylation on T271 modulates telomerase-dependent telomere length maintenance as well as the formation of ALT-associated PML bodies.
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T271上的TRF1磷酸化调节端粒酶依赖性端粒长度维持以及与Alt相关的PML体的形成。

DOI:
10.1038/srep36913
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发表时间:
2016-11-14
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Zhu XD
Zhu XD
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ho A;Wilson FR;Peragine SL;Jeyanthan K;Mitchell TR;Zhu XD

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TRF 1是shelterin复合物的一种组分,在端粒酶依赖性端粒维持和端粒的替代性延长(后者也称为ALT)中起关键作用。ALT细胞的特征包括C环和ALT相关的PML小体,称为APB。TRF 1的功能受到包括磷酸化在内的翻译后修饰的严格调控,然而TRF 1的磷酸化位点尚未完全表征。在这里,我们报告了一个新的TRF 1磷酸化位点苏氨酸271。我们发现T271 A的非磷酸化突变损害TRF 1在体内与端粒DNA的结合,并使TRF 1在抑制端粒酶依赖的端粒延长方面有缺陷。另一方面,TRF 1携带的拟磷酸化突变T271 D是主管不仅结合端粒DNA,但也抑制端粒酶介导的端粒延长。这些结果表明,T271上的TRF 1磷酸化负调节端粒酶介导的端粒维持。我们发现,在端粒酶阴性的ALT细胞中,携带T271 A或T271 D突变的TRF 1能够促进C环的产生,但不能支持APB的形成。这些结果表明T271上的TRF 1磷酸化对于APB的形成是必需的,但是对于C环的产生是不必要的。这些结果进一步表明,APB的形成可以从C-环的生产机械分离。
TRF1, a component of the shelterin complex, plays a key role in both telomerase-dependent telomere maintenance and alternative lengthening of telomeres, the latter also known as ALT. Characteristics of ALT cells include C-circles and ALT-associated PML bodies, referred to as APBs. The function of TRF1 is tightly regulated by post-translational modification including phosphorylation, however TRF1 phosphorylation sites have yet to be fully characterized. Here we report a novel TRF1 phosphorylation site threonine 271. We show that a nonphosphorylatable mutation of T271A impairs TRF1 binding to telomeric DNA in vivo and renders TRF1 defective in inhibiting telomerase-dependent telomere elongation. On the other hand, TRF1 carrying a phosphomimic mutation of T271D is competent in not only binding to telomeric DNA but also inhibiting telomerase-mediated telomere lengthening. These results suggest that TRF1 phosphorylation on T271 negatively regulates telomerase-mediated telomere maintenance. We find that in telomerase-negative ALT cells, TRF1 carrying either a T271A or T271D mutation is able to promote C-circle production but fails to support APB formation. These results suggest that TRF1 phosphorylation on T271 is necessary for APB formation but dispensable for C-circle production. These results further imply that APB formation can be mechanistically separated from C-circle production.
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