Warfarin traps human vitamin K epoxide reductase in an intermediate state during electron transfer.
Warfarin traps human vitamin K epoxide reductase in an intermediate state during electron transfer.
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DOI:
10.1038/nsmb.3333
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发表时间:
2017-01
影响因子:
16.8
通讯作者:
Li W
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shen G;Cui W;Zhang H;Zhou F;Huang W;Liu Q;Yang Y;Li S;Bowman GR;Sadler JE;Gross ML;Li W
Although warfarin is the most widely used anticoagulant worldwide, the mechanism by which warfarin inhibits its target, human vitamin K epoxide reductase (hVKOR), remains unclear. Here we show that warfarin blocks a dynamic electron-transfer process in hVKOR. A major fraction of cellular hVKOR is at an intermediate redox state of this process containing a Cys51-Cys132 disulfide, a characteristic accommodated by a four-transmembrane-helix structure of hVKOR. Warfarin selectively inhibits this major cellular form of hVKOR, whereas disruption of the Cys51-Cys132 disulfide impairs warfarin binding and causes warfarin resistance. Relying on binding interactions identified by cysteine alkylation footprinting and mass spectrometry coupled with mutagenesis analysis, we are able to conduct structure simulations to reveal a closed warfarin-binding pocket stabilized by the Cys51-Cys132 linkage. Understanding the selective warfarin inhibition of a specific redox state of hVKOR should enable the rational design of drugs that exploit the redox chemistry and associated conformational changes in hVKOR.
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影响因子:
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