Warfarin traps human vitamin K epoxide reductase in an intermediate state during electron transfer.

Warfarin traps human vitamin K epoxide reductase in an intermediate state during electron transfer.
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DOI:
10.1038/nsmb.3333
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发表时间:
2017-01
影响因子:
16.8
通讯作者:
Li W
Li W
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shen G;Cui W;Zhang H;Zhou F;Huang W;Liu Q;Yang Y;Li S;Bowman GR;Sadler JE;Gross ML;Li W

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虽然华法林是世界上最广泛使用的抗凝剂,但华法林抑制其靶点人类维生素K环氧化物还原酶(hVKOR)的机制仍不清楚。在这里,我们表明,华法林块在hVKOR的动态电子转移过程。细胞hVKOR的主要部分处于该过程的中间氧化还原状态,含有Cys 51-Cys 132二硫化物,这是hVKOR的四跨膜螺旋结构所适应的特征。华法林选择性地抑制hVKOR的这种主要细胞形式,而Cys 51-Cys 132二硫化物的破坏损害华法林结合并引起华法林抗性。依赖于结合相互作用的半胱氨酸烷基化足迹和质谱结合诱变分析,我们能够进行结构模拟,以揭示一个封闭的华法林结合口袋稳定的Cys 51-Cys 132连接。了解华法林对hVKOR的特定氧化还原状态的选择性抑制应该能够合理设计利用hVKOR中的氧化还原化学和相关构象变化的药物。
Although warfarin is the most widely used anticoagulant worldwide, the mechanism by which warfarin inhibits its target, human vitamin K epoxide reductase (hVKOR), remains unclear. Here we show that warfarin blocks a dynamic electron-transfer process in hVKOR. A major fraction of cellular hVKOR is at an intermediate redox state of this process containing a Cys51-Cys132 disulfide, a characteristic accommodated by a four-transmembrane-helix structure of hVKOR. Warfarin selectively inhibits this major cellular form of hVKOR, whereas disruption of the Cys51-Cys132 disulfide impairs warfarin binding and causes warfarin resistance. Relying on binding interactions identified by cysteine alkylation footprinting and mass spectrometry coupled with mutagenesis analysis, we are able to conduct structure simulations to reveal a closed warfarin-binding pocket stabilized by the Cys51-Cys132 linkage. Understanding the selective warfarin inhibition of a specific redox state of hVKOR should enable the rational design of drugs that exploit the redox chemistry and associated conformational changes in hVKOR.
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