Using Guiding Questions to Promote Scientific Practices in Undergraduate Chemistry Laboratories

Using Guiding Questions to Promote Scientific Practices in Undergraduate Chemistry Laboratories
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使用指导性问题促进本科生化学实验室的科学实践

DOI:
10.1021/acs.jchemed.1c00003
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
3
通讯作者:
Emenike, Mary E.
Emenike, Mary E.
中科院分区:
化学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gao, Ruomei;Lloyd, Judith;Emenike, Bright U.;Quarless, Duncan;Kim, Youngjoo;Emenike, Mary E.

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让学生参与科学实践已成为 STEM 教育的重要教学组成部分,尽管其在实验室的实施仍在兴起。本文使用三种类型的指导性问题来促进入门和分析化学实验室的科学实践。我们的教学模式与其他发展的不同之处在于,某些类型的科学实践可以通过将指导性问题纳入传统实验室来促进,即用于实验设计和实施的第一类实验前指导问题、用于知识构建的第二类实验后指导问题和用于实验误差分析的第三类实验后指导问题。这些指导性问题的答案根据学生正确的化学知识和程序设计(类型 I)以及他们对论证的三个关键组成部分的陈述进行评估:证据、理由和主张(类型 II 和 III)。当学生从入门化学实验室升级到分析化学实验室时,我们观察到学生在 II 类和 III 类问题上的得分显着提高,在 I 类问题上的得分略有提高。 I 类实验前指导问题比 II 类和 III 类实验后指导问题包含更高水平的探究,因此需要更多的练习来掌握高级技能。整个学期,学生在分析化学实验室的指导性问题上的表现都有所提高。学生们对自己引导问题的经验和帮助给予积极评价。这种教学模式可以在其他科学实验室中采用,在不改变课程结构的情况下设定明确的目标并优先考虑有用的信息。
Engaging students in scientific practices has become an important pedagogical component in STEM education, although its implementation in laboratories is still emerging. This paper uses three types of guiding questions to facilitate scientific practices in introductory and analytical chemistry laboratories. What makes our instructional model different from other developments is that certain types of scientific practices can be promoted by incorporating guiding questions into traditional laboratories, namely, type I prelaboratory questions for experimental design and implementation, type II postlaboratory guiding questions for knowledge construction, and type III postlaboratory guiding questions for experimental error analysis. Answers to these guiding questions were assessed for students’ correct chemical knowledge and procedure design (type I) and for their presentation of the three key components of an argument: evidence, justifications, and claims (types II and III). A significant improvement in student score on types II and III questions and a modest upgrading on type I questions were observed as students progressed through Introductory Chemistry Laboratories to Analytical Chemistry Lab. Type I prelaboratory guiding questions incorporate a higher level of inquiry than types II and III postlaboratory guiding questions, thus more practices are needed to master advanced skills. Student performance on guiding questions improved throughout the semester in analytical chemistry laboratories. Students rated their experiences and helpfulness of guiding questions positively. This instructional model can be adopted in other science laboratories for setting up explicit goals and prioritizing useful information without changing the structure of curricula.
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