Of sacraments, sacramentals and anthropology: is anthropological explanation sacramental?

Of sacraments, sacramentals and anthropology: is anthropological explanation sacramental?
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关于圣礼、圣礼和人类学:人类学的解释是圣礼吗?

DOI:
10.1080/13648470.2017.1389167
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
1.8
通讯作者:
Naraindas H
Naraindas H
中科院分区:
法学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Naraindas H

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本文认为,通常所谓的生物医学疾病类别的文化误解可以解释为一个生物医学和人类学的文化类别的误解。这是基于这样一个事实,即人类学经常充当生物医学的亲密替身和侍女,因为它拒绝承认在所谓的“精神疾病”领域中神学病因学的可能性。这样的拒绝取代了对人类能动性的神圣或恶魔能动性的本土解释。这一点最好通过考察盎格鲁-欧洲人类学中未经考察的宗教信仰来阐明,这些宗教信仰似乎是其位素解释范畴的坚实基础。本文试图证明这一点,提出,而本地的解释是类似于圣礼,人类学的解释是类似于圣礼(圣水,十字架,肩胛骨,口头祝福)。虽然圣礼,像神圣的代理,operateex opere operato,圣礼是依赖于收件人的处置和教会的斡旋,因为他们operateex opere operantis ecclesiae(从工作的教会的工作),以及asex opere operantis(从工作的一个)。如果圣礼是有效的,因为它是由基督独自完成的工作,并类似于由拥有代理人所做的工作,圣礼是有效的,因为它们也依赖于人类的代理。换句话说,人类学的解释充其量是“圣礼的”,因为它们用客位的解释取代了客位的神学解释,在客位的解释中,以牧师、教会机构和接受神圣分配的平信徒为形式的人类代理也发挥了作用;或者,正如通常情况下那样,发挥了唯一的作用。
This paper suggests that what is usually called a cultural misunderstanding of biomedical disease categories may be construed as a biomedical and anthropological misunderstanding of cultural categories. This is premised on the fact that anthropology often functions as an intimate double and handmaiden of biomedicine, in so far as it refuses to countenance the possibility of theurgic aetiologies in the realm of what is called ‘mental illness’. Such a refusal displaces native explanations of divine or demonic agency to human agency. This is best elucidated by examining the unexamined religious beliefs of Anglo-European anthropology, which appears to be the terra firma of its emic explanatory categories. The paper attempts to demonstrate this by proposing that while native explanations are akin to the sacraments, anthropological explanations are akin to sacramentals (holy water, the cross, the scapular, verbal blessings). While the sacraments, like divine agency, operateex opere operato,the sacramentals are dependent on the disposition of the recipient and on the good offices of the church, as they operateex opere operantis ecclesiae(from the work of the working church), as well asex opere operantis(from the work of the working one). If the sacraments are efficacious as it iswork done by Christ alone,and akin to work done by the possessing agent, sacramentals are efficacious as they arealsodependent on human agency. In other words, anthropological explanations are, at best, ‘sacramental’ as they replace emic theurgic explanations by etic ones, wherehumanagency in the form of the priest, the institution of the church, and the lay person who is the recipient of divine dispensation, also have a role to play; or, as is often the case, theonlyrole to play.
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Comptes rendus/书评:信仰治疗路易斯·罗斯·哈蒙兹沃斯:企鹅图书 1970。194。1.25 美元 欣喜若狂的宗教/灵魂占有和萨满教的人类学研究 I.M.刘易斯·哈蒙兹沃斯:企鹅图书 1971.222。
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