Effects of Extended Viewing Distance on Accommodative Response and Pupil Size of Myopic Adults by Using a Double-Mirror System.
Effects of Extended Viewing Distance on Accommodative Response and Pupil Size of Myopic Adults by Using a Double-Mirror System.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph19052942
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发表时间：
2022-03-03
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Huang SY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lin SY;Su HR;Lo CC;Yeh SM;Lee CH;Wu R;Lin FC;Chu YW;Huang SY
目的：本研究探讨成人近视患者使用双镜系统（DMS）的屈光反应及瞳孔大小。通过使用DMS，可以将观看距离扩展到2.285 m，这分别导致反射响应和瞳孔尺寸的减小和增加。通过使用DMS，减少反射反应可以改善近距离工作的眼睛疲劳。方法：60例受试者，年龄18 ~ 22岁，平均年龄（20.67 ± 1.09）岁。实验过程主要有两个步骤。第一步，我们检查受试者的屈光状态和视觉功能，然后安装具有相应屈光不正的一次性接触镜。在第二步中，受试者从0.4 m的观察距离注视物体和通过DMS注视虚像，分别使用开放视野自动验光仪测量屈光反应和瞳孔大小。结果如下：当受试者从0.4m处注视物体或通过DMS注视虚像时，分辨反应的平均值分别为1.74 ± 0.43和0.16 ± 0.47D，瞳孔大小分别为3.98 ± 0.06mm和4.18 ± 0.58mm。当观察距离从0.4 m增加到2.285 m时，瞳孔放大约0.2 mm，瞳孔反应减小约1.58 D。对于3个不同大小的星号靶（1cm × 1cm、2cm × 2cm和3cm × 3cm），通过DMS的平均反射反应和瞳孔大小分别为0.19 ± 0.16，0.27 ± 0.24，0.26 ± 0.19 D和4.20 ± 1.02，3.94 ± 0.73，4.21 ± 0.57 mm。瞳孔大小和瞳孔反应随靶点大小的变化无显著性差异（P > 0.05）。在高度近视组和低度近视组中，0.4m和2.285m的屈光反应分别为1.68 ± 0.42D和0.21 ± 0.48D，1.88 ± 0.25D和0.05 ± 0.40D。两组的放射性反应分别降低了1.47 D和1.83 D。当使用DMS时，反射微涨落（AMF）是稳定的;相反，AMF在0.4 m的观察距离处是不稳定的。结论：在本研究中，通过DMS成像延长了观察距离并放大了图像，并导致了反射响应的减小和瞳孔大小的增加。低度近视组和高度近视组使用DMS前后的屈光反应和瞳孔大小差异有统计学意义。调节反应的降低可以用于改善视疲劳。
Purposes: This study discussed the accommodative response and pupil size of myopic adults using a double-mirror system (DMS). The viewing distance could be extended to 2.285 m by using a DMS, which resulted in a reduction and increase in the accommodative response and pupil size, respectively. By using a DMS, the reduction of the accommodative response could improve eye fatigue with near work. Method: Sixty subjects aged between 18 and 22 years old were recruited in this study, and the average age was 20.67 ± 1.09. There were two main steps in the experimental process. In the first step, we examined the subjects’ refraction state and visual function, and then fitted disposable contact lenses with a corresponding refractive error. In the second step, the subjects gazed at an object from a viewing distance of 0.4 m and at a virtual image through a DMS, respectively, and the accommodative response and pupil size were measured using an open field autorefractor. Results: When the subjects gazed at the object from a distance of 0.4 m, or gazed at the virtual image through a DMS, the mean value of the accommodative response was 1.74 ± 0.43 or 0.16 ± 0.47 D, and the pupil size was 3.98 ± 0.06 mm or 4.18 ± 0.58 mm, respectively. With an increase in the viewing distance from 0.4 m to 2.285 m, the accommodative response and pupil size were significantly reduced about 1.58 D and enlarged about 0.2 mm, respectively. For three asterisk targets of different sizes (1 cm × 1 cm, 2 cm × 2 cm, and 3 cm × 3 cm), the mean accommodative response and pupil size through the DMS was 0.19 ± 0.16, 0.27 ± 0.24, 0.26 ± 0.19 D; and 4.20 ± 1.02, 3.94 ± 0.73, 4.21 ± 0.57 mm, respectively. The changes of the accommodative response and pupil size were not significant with the size of the targets (p > 0.05). In the low or high myopia group, the accommodative response of 0.4 m and 2.285 m was 1.68 ± 0.42 D and 0.21 ± 0.48 D; and 1.88 ± 0.25 D and 0.05 ± 0.40 D, respectively. The accommodative response was significantly reduced by 1.47 D and 1.83 D for these two groups. The accommodative microfluctuations (AMFs) were stable when a DMS was used; on the contrary, the AMFs were unstable at a viewing distance of 0.4 m. Conclusions: In this study, the imaging through a DMS extended the viewing distance and enlarged the image, and resulted in a reduction in the accommodative response and an increase in the pupil size. For the low myopia group and the high myopia group, the accommodative response and pupil size were statistically significantly different before and after the use of the DMS. The reduction of the accommodative response could be applied for the improvement of asthenopia.
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DOI：
10.1097/opx.0b013e3181da8a85
发表时间：
2010-06
期刊：
Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry
影响因子：
--
作者：
Deng L;Gwiazda J;Thorn F
通讯作者：
Thorn F
DOI：
10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-315258
发表时间：
2020-11
期刊：
The British journal of ophthalmology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Wen L;Cao Y;Cheng Q;Li X;Pan L;Li L;Zhu H;Lan W;Yang Z
通讯作者：
Yang Z
DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-0420.2005.00352.x
发表时间：
2005-02-01
期刊：
ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA
影响因子：
--
作者：
Iwasaki, T;Tawara, A;Miyake, N
通讯作者：
Miyake, N
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Yeh，Shang-Min;Su，Hui-Rong;Huang，Shuan-Yu
通讯作者：
Huang，Shuan-Yu
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Ma M;Xiong S;Zhao S;Zheng Z;Sun T;Li C
通讯作者：
Li C