Molecular mechanisms of cryptococcal meningitis.
Molecular mechanisms of cryptococcal meningitis.
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作者：
Liu TB;Perlin DS;Xue C
真菌性脑膜炎是一种由中枢神经系统 (CNS) 真菌感染引起的严重疾病，主要发生在免疫系统缺陷的个体中。如果没有适当的治疗，真菌性脑膜炎通常是致命的，即使采用抗真菌药物干预，死亡率仍然高得令人无法接受。目前，隐球菌性脑膜炎是HIV-1/AIDS中最常见的真菌性脑膜炎，其发病机制已被广泛研究。局部感染后真菌感染大脑并引发脑膜炎的关键步骤是真菌细胞向血流播散并穿过血脑屏障到达中枢神经系统。在这篇综述中，我们以隐球菌中枢神经系统感染为例，描述当前对真菌性脑膜炎的分子认识，包括感染的建立、传播和脑侵袭。还讨论了导致这些感染步骤的宿主和微生物因素。
Fungal meningitis is a serious disease caused by a fungal infection of the central nervous system (CNS) mostly in individuals with immune system deficiencies. Fungal meningitis is often fatal without proper treatment, and the mortality rate remains unacceptably high even with antifungal drug interventions. Currently, cryptococcal meningitis is the most common fungal meningitis in HIV-1/AIDS, and its disease mechanism has been extensively studied. The key steps for fungi to infect brain and cause meningitis after establishment of local infection are the dissemination of fungal cells to the bloodstream and invasion through the blood brain barrier to reach the CNS. In this review, we use cryptococcal CNS infection as an example to describe the current molecular understanding of fungal meningitis, including the establishment of the infection, dissemination, and brain invasion. Host and microbial factors that contribute to these infection steps are also discussed.
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