Trex1 prevents cell-intrinsic initiation of autoimmunity.

Trex1 prevents cell-intrinsic initiation of autoimmunity.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2008.06.032
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发表时间:
2008-08-22
期刊:
影响因子:
64.5
通讯作者:
Medzhitov R
Medzhitov R
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Stetson DB;Ko JS;Heidmann T;Medzhitov R

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核酸的检测和I型干扰素(IFN)的诱导是抗病毒防御的主要因素,但如果调控不当,可能导致自身免疫。胞质DNA检测通过一个不明确的途径激活一个有效的,细胞内在的抗病毒反应。在筛选与这种干扰素刺激DNA(ISD)反应相关的蛋白质时,我们鉴定了3'修复外切核酸酶1(Trex 1)。人类GST 1基因突变导致Aicardi-Goutieres综合征(AGS)和冻疮狼疮,但这些疾病的分子基础尚不清楚。我们将Trex 1定义为ISD反应的重要负调节因子,并描述了Trex 1缺陷与致死性自身免疫性相关的遗传途径。我们发现,来自内源性retroelements的单链DNA在Trex 1缺陷细胞中积累,并且Trex 1可以代谢逆转录的DNA。这些发现揭示了启动自身免疫的细胞内在机制,暗示ISD途径是AGS的原因,并表明内源性逆转录因子对自身免疫的意外贡献。
Detection of nucleic acids and induction of type I interferons (IFNs) are principal elements of antiviral defense, but can cause autoimmunity if misregulated. Cytosolic DNA detection activates a potent, cell-intrinsic antiviral response through a poorly defined pathway. In a screen for proteins relevant to this interferon-stimulatory DNA (ISD) response, we identify 3’ repair exonuclease 1 (Trex1). Mutations in the human trex1 gene cause Aicardi-Goutieres Syndrome (AGS) and chilblain lupus, but the molecular basis of these diseases is unknown. We define Trex1 as an essential negative regulator of the ISD response and delineate the genetic pathway linking Trex1 deficiency to lethal autoimmunity. We show that single-stranded DNA derived from endogenous retroelements accumulates in Trex1-deficient cells and that Trex1 can metabolize reverse-transcribed DNA. These findings reveal a cell-intrinsic mechanism for initiation of autoimmunity, implicate the ISD pathway as the cause of AGS, and suggest an unanticipated contribution of endogenous retroelements to autoimmunity.
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