Electrophilic bromination of substituted stilbenes and stilbazoles: a quantum-chemical investigation.

Electrophilic bromination of substituted stilbenes and stilbazoles: a quantum-chemical investigation.
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取代的芪和芪唑的亲电溴化:量子化学研究。

DOI:
10.1039/c3cp54612h
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发表时间:
2014
期刊:
PCCP
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
McAllister LJ
McAllister LJ
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
McAllister LJ

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为了研究取代基对二苯乙烯和二苯乙烯醚亲电溴化反应的影响,在MP2/6-31G(d,p)和M06-2X/6-31G(d,p)的理论水平上对反应中间体的几何结构进行了优化。具有两个吸电子取代基的二苯乙烯有利于溴离子中间体,而具有一个供电子取代基的二苯乙烯有利于碳正离子中间体。这些观测结果通过哈米特和塔夫脱参数加以合理化。局部分子轨道表明,苯乙烯中溴原子与碳原子之间的键由碳正离子中间体的σ键变为溴离子中间体的3-中心-2电子键。自然键轨道(NBO)分析表明碳正离子中间体是通过共振稳定的。经优化的电荷转移配合物,即在溴分子和苯乙烯之间形成的预反应中间体,其几何形状表明这些物质可以被认为是卤素键配合物,结合能在14.5 ~ 20.1 kJ mol−1之间。
In order to study the effect of substituents on the electrophilic bromination of stilbenes and stilbazoles, the geometries of the reaction intermediates were optimised at the MP2/6-31G(d,p) and M06-2X/6-31G(d,p) levels of theory. Stilbenes with two electron-withdrawing substituents are shown to favour bromonium ion intermediates, whereas the presence of an electron-donating substituent leads to a carbocation intermediate. These observations are rationalised by means of Hammett and Taft parameters. Localised molecular orbitals indicate that the bonding between the bromine atom and the carbon atoms in the stilbene varies from a σ-bond in a carbocation intermediate to a 3-centre-2-electron bond in a bromonium ion intermediate. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses reveal that carbocation intermediates are stabilised by resonance. The optimised geometries of charge-transfer complexes, the pre-reactive intermediates formed between molecular bromine and the stilbene, show that these species can be considered as halogen-bonded complexes with binding energies ranging from 14.5 to 20.1 kJ mol−1.
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