A machine learning approach for predicting hurricane evacuee destination location using smartphone location data

A machine learning approach for predicting hurricane evacuee destination location using smartphone location data
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使用智能手机位置数据预测飓风撤离者目的地位置的机器学习方法

DOI:
10.1007/s43762-023-00102-0
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
Computational Urban Science
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Nozick, Linda K.
Nozick, Linda K.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Anyidoho, Prosper K.;Ju, Xinglong;Davidson, Rachel A.;Nozick, Linda K.

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疏散目的地选择建模是疏散规划的一个组成部分。需要从这些模型的输出来估计疏散命令所依据的清除时间。到达每个目的地的撤离人数也为资源分配和住所规划提供了信息。尽管其重要性,疏散目的地建模并没有得到尽可能多的关注,确定谁疏散,何时。在这项研究中,我们提出了一种新的方法来识别疏散人员,并确定他们去哪里,以及何时使用隐私增强的智能手机位置数据。我们使用最近四次影响多个地区的美国飓风的数据(佛罗伦萨2018,Michael 2018,Dorian 2019和Ida 2021)来证明该方法。然后,我们在这些结果的基础上开发了一个新的机器学习模型,该模型可以预测在两个大都市统计区之间移动的疏散人数。机器学习模型结合了飓风特征,这些特征尚未被现有方法充分利用。通过10重交叉验证、使用飓风Ida(2021)的holdout验证以及与传统重力模型的比较,全面评估了该模型的预测能力。结果表明,新模型在所有性能指标上都大大优于传统的重力模型。机器学习模型中的特征重要性分析表明,除了距离和人口之外,飓风特征在疏散目的地选择中也很重要。
Evacuation destination choice modeling is an integral aspect of evacuation planning. Outputs from such models are required to estimate the clearance times on which evacuation orders are based. The number of evacuees arriving at each destination also informs allocation of resources and shelter planning. Despite its importance, evacuee destination modeling has not received as much attention as identifying who evacuates and when. In this study, we present a new approach to identify evacuees and determine where they go and when using privacy-enhanced smartphone location data. We demonstrate the method using data from four recent U.S. hurricanes affecting multiple geographies (Florence 2018, Michael 2018, Dorian 2019, and Ida 2021). We then build on those results to develop a new machine learning model that predicts the number of evacuees that move between pairs of metropolitan statistical areas. The machine learning model incorporates hurricane characteristics, which have not been thoroughly exploited by existing methods. The model’s predictive power is comprehensively evaluated through a tenfold cross validation, holdout validation using Hurricane Ida (2021), and comparison with the traditional gravity model. Results suggest that the new model substantially outperforms the traditional gravity model across all performance indicators. Analysis of feature importance in the machine learning model indicates that in addition to distance and population, hurricane characteristics are important in evacuee destination choices.
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