Rice methylmercury exposure and mitigation: a comprehensive review.
Rice methylmercury exposure and mitigation: a comprehensive review.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envres.2014.03.001
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发表时间：
2014-08
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Creswell, Joel E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rothenberg, Sarah E.;Windham-Myers, Lisamarie;Creswell, Joel E.
从田间准备到收获后的水稻种植实践将稻田变成微生物汞甲基化的热点，将毒性较低的无机汞转化为毒性更高的甲基汞，甲基汞可能转移到稻米中。该审查包括51项报告稻米总汞和/或甲基汞浓度的研究，这些研究基于15个国家种植或购买的稻米。毫不奇怪，与非污染地点相比，污染地点的大米总汞和甲基汞水平显著较高（Wilcoxon秩和，p<0.001）。然而，水稻百分比甲基汞（总汞）没有显着差异污染和非污染的网站（Wilcoxon秩和，p=0.35），这表明在稻田土壤中的汞甲基化率在这些网站和/或类似的汞积累这些水稻品种。研究特征的水稻种植在更有氧条件下的影响进行了审查，以确定这种做法的缓解潜力。利用交替湿润和干燥（而不是持续的洪水）的水稻管理方法导致土壤甲基汞水平飙升，导致田地干燥和洪水后出现强烈的甲基汞脉冲;然而，尚不确定这是否导致甲基汞从水稻土转移到水稻颗粒中的增加。由于潜在的健康风险，建议进一步调查这一问题，并为汞污染和非污染地点制定单独的水管理战略，最大限度地减少通过大米摄入甲基汞的暴露。
Rice cultivation practices from field preparation to post-harvest transform rice paddies into hot spots for microbial mercury methylation, converting less-toxic inorganic mercury to more-toxic methylmercury, which is likely translocated to rice grain. This review includes 51 studies reporting rice total mercury and/or methylmercury concentrations, based on rice cultivated or purchased in 15 countries. Not surprisingly, both rice total mercury and methylmercury levels were significantly higher in polluted sites compared to non-polluted sites (Wilcoxon rank sum, p<0.001). However, rice percent methylmercury (of total mercury) did not differ statistically between polluted and non-polluted sites (Wilcoxon rank sum, p=0.35), suggesting comparable mercury methylation rates in paddy soil across these sites and/or similar accumulation of mercury species for these rice cultivars. Studies characterizing the effect of rice cultivation under more aerobic conditions were reviewed to determine the mitigation potential of this practice. Rice management practices utilizing alternating wetting and drying (instead of continuous flooding) caused soil methylmercury levels to spike, resulting in a strong methylmercury pulse after fields were dried and reflooded; however, it is uncertain whether this led to increased translocation of methylmercury from paddy soil to rice grain. Due to the potential health risks, it is advisable to investigate this issue further, and to develop separate water management strategies for mercury polluted and non-polluted sites, which minimize methylmercury exposure through rice ingestion.
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