Epigenetics: the link between nature and nurture.
Epigenetics: the link between nature and nurture.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.mam.2012.07.018
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发表时间：
2013-07
影响因子：
10.6
通讯作者：
Choi, Sang-Woon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tammen, Stephanie A.;Friso, Simonetta;Choi, Sang-Woon
虽然真核生物的基因组在生物体中的所有体细胞中都是相同的，但有特定的结构和功能将一种类型的细胞与另一种区分开来。这些差异是由于细胞分化过程中确定的细胞独特的基因表达模式。有趣的是，这些细胞特异性基因表达模式可以在其整个生命周期中受到生物体环境的影响，导致表型变化，这些表型变化具有改变某些疾病风险的潜力。细胞特异性基因表达特征和环境介导的表达模式变化都可以通过对DNA、组蛋白和DNA包装程度的修饰的复杂网络（称为表观遗传标记）来解释。已经形成了几个研究领域来研究这些表观遗传修饰，包括DNA甲基化，组蛋白修饰，染色质重塑和microRNA（miRNA）。表观遗传学的最初定义包括可遗传但可逆的现象，这些现象影响基因表达而不改变碱基对。尽管并非所有上述表观遗传特征都表现出遗传性，但它们都可以改变基因转录，而不改变潜在的遗传序列。由于这些表观遗传模式也会受到生物体环境的影响，因此它们是生命经历和表型之间的重要桥梁。表观遗传模式可能会在一个人的一生中发生变化，通过早期的生活经历，环境暴露或营养状况。受环境影响的表观遗传特征可能决定我们的外观，行为，压力反应，疾病易感性，甚至寿命。响应环境因素的表观遗传修饰类型之间的相互作用以及环境线索如何影响表观遗传模式将进一步阐明基因转录如何被有效改变。
While the eukaryotic genome is the same throughout all somatic cells in an organism, there are specific structures and functions that discern one type of cell from another. These differences are due to the cell's unique gene expression patterns that are determined during cellular differentiation. Interestingly, these cell-specific gene expression patterns can be affected by an organism's environment throughout its lifetime leading to phenotypical changes that have the potential of altering risk of some diseases. Both cell-specific gene expression signatures and environment mediated changes in expression patterns can be explained by a complex network of modifications to the DNA, histone proteins and degree of DNA packaging called epigenetic marks. Several areas of research have formed to study these epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling and microRNA (miRNA). The original definition of epigenetics incorporates inheritable but reversible phenomena that affect gene expression without altering base pairs. Even though not all of the above listed epigenetic traits have demonstrated heritability, they can all alter gene transcription without modification to the underlying genetic sequence. Because these epigenetic patterns can also be affected by an organism's environment, they serve as an important bridge between life experiences and phenotypes. Epigenetic patterns may change throughout ones lifespan, by an early life experience, environmental exposure or nutritional status. Epigenetic signatures influenced by the environment may determine our appearance, behavior, stress response, disease susceptibility, and even longevity. The interaction between types of epigenetic modifications in response to environmental factors and how environmental cues affect epigenetic patterns will further elucidate how gene transcription can be affectively altered.
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影响因子：
23.9
作者：
Dawlaty, Meelad M.;Ganz, Kibibi;Powell, Benjamin E.;Hu, Yueh-Chiang;Markoulaki, Styliani;Cheng, Albert W.;Gao, Qing;Kim, Jongpil;Choi, Sang-Woon;Page, David C.;Jaenisch, Rudolf
通讯作者：
Jaenisch, Rudolf
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Cocozza S;Akhtar MM;Miele G;Monticelli A
通讯作者：
Monticelli A
影响因子：
16
作者：
Dechassa ML;Sabri A;Pondugula S;Kassabov SR;Chatterjee N;Kladde MP;Bartholomew B
通讯作者：
Bartholomew B
影响因子：
7
作者：
Barski, Artem;Jothi, Raja;Zhao, Keji
通讯作者：
Zhao, Keji
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Cui, HM;Cruz-Correa, M;Feinberg, AP
通讯作者：
Feinberg, AP