Neurobiology of Acupuncture: Toward CAM.
Neurobiology of Acupuncture: Toward CAM.
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DOI：
10.1093/ecam/neh017
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发表时间：
2004-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ma SX
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ma SX
长期以来，人们一直认为，针灸、刺络和刮针在治疗各种疾病时，可以起到镇痛和麻醉的作用，也可以起到治疗作用。包括针刺麻醉在内的这种疗法已经引起了许多研究人员的关注，并成为全球范围内国际感兴趣的研究课题。大量研究表明，神经系统、神经递质、内源性物质和经络可能对针刺刺激和电针产生反应。现在已经积累了大量关于针灸的神经生物学机制的信息，涉及神经通路和介导自主神经调节、止痛和其他治疗的神经递质/激素因子。早期研究表明，电针的镇痛作用是通过中脑导水管周围灰质中的阿片肽介导的。新近研究表明，一氧化氮通过薄束核-丘脑通路在介导电针刺激心血管反应中发挥重要作用。其他物质，包括5-羟色胺、儿茶酚胺、无机化学物质和氨基酸，如谷氨酸和α-氨基丁酸，被认为可以调节针灸的某些心血管和镇痛作用，但目前人们对它们的作用知之甚少。人们对针灸保健的兴趣与日俱增，导致越来越多的研究人员致力于研究针刺触觉、针刺刺激信号的传导、刺激参数和安慰剂的过程。本文对针刺神经生物学过程的证据和认识进行了综述，重点介绍了一氧化氮通过延髓-丘脑背侧通路介导针刺信号的研究进展。
It has long been accepted that acupuncture, puncturing and scraping needles at certain points on the body, can have analgesic and anesthetic effects, as well as therapeutic effects in the treatment of various diseases. This therapy, including acupuncture anesthesia, has drawn the attention of many investigators and become a research subject of international interest around the world. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the nervous system, neurotransmitters, endogenous substances and Jingluo (meridians) may respond to needling stimulation and electrical acupuncture. An abundance of information has now accumulated concerning the neurobiological mechanisms of acupuncture, in relation to both neural pathways and neurotransmitters/hormonal factors that mediate autonomic regulation, pain relief and other therapeutics. Early studies demonstrated that the analgesic effects of electroacupuncture (EA) are mediated by opioid peptides in the periaqueductal gray. Recent evidence shows that nitric oxide plays an important role in mediating the cardiovascular responses to EA stimulation through the gracile nucleus-thalamic pathway. Other substances, including serotonin, catecholamines, inorganic chemicals and amino acids such as glutamate and α-aminobutyric acid (GABA), are proposed to mediate certain cardiovascular and analgesic effects of acupuncture, but at present their role is poorly understood. The increased interest in acupuncture health care has led to an ever-growing number of investigators pursuing research in the processes of the sense of needling touch, transduction of needling stimulation signals, stimulation parameters and placebos. In this Review, the evidence and understanding of the neurobiological processes of acupuncture research have been summarized with an emphasis on recent developments of nitric oxide mediating acupuncture signals through the dorsal medulla-thalamic pathways.
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