N-terminal Domain of TDP43 Enhances Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Globular Proteins.

N-terminal Domain of TDP43 Enhances Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Globular Proteins.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166948
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发表时间:
2021-05-14
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Zhang X
Zhang X
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Carter GC;Hsiung CH;Simpson L;Yang H;Zhang X

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蛋白质的液-液相分离 (LLPS) 涉及越来越多的细胞过程。大多数具有 LLPS 的蛋白质都含有本质无序区域 (IDR),可作为搜索可能发生相分离的细胞蛋白质的指南。在此,我们揭示寡聚化降低了 LLPS 的障碍,并且可以作为独立于 IDR 增强蛋白质结构域 LLPS 的通用机制。使用 TDP43 作为模型系统,我们发现删除其 IDR 会导致依赖于 N 端结构域 (NTD) 寡聚化的 LLPS。用其他寡聚结构域替换 TDP43 的 NTD 可以与寡聚状态成比例地增强 LLPS。除了 TDP43 之外,将 NTD 与其他没有已知 LLPS 行为的球状蛋白融合也以依赖于寡聚化的方式驱动它们的分离。最后,我们证明由 NTD 融合蛋白组成的异寡聚体可以通过 NTD 相互作用驱动成液滴。我们的结果增强了使用寡聚结构域作为特征来系统地识别具有 LLPS 行为的细胞蛋白的新范例,从而拓宽了这一令人兴奋的研究领域的范围。
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of proteins is involved in a growing number of cellular processes. Most proteins with LLPS harbor intrinsically disordered regions (IDR), which serve as a guideline to search for cellular proteins that potentially phase separate. Herein, we reveal that oligomerization lowers the barriers for LLPS and could act as a general mechanism to enhance LLPS of proteins domains independent of IDR. Using TDP43 as a model system, we found that deleting its IDR resulted in LLPS that was dependent on the oligomerization of the N-terminal domain (NTD). Replacing TDP43’s NTD with other oligomerization domains enhanced the LLPS proportionately to the state of oligomerization. In addition to TDP43, fusing NTD to other globular proteins without known LLPS behavior also drove their separation in a manner dependent on oligomerization. Finally, we demonstrate that heterooligomers composed of NTD-fused proteins can be driven into droplets through NTD interactions. Our results potentiate a new paradigm for using oligomerization domains as a signature to systematically identify cellular proteins with LLPS behavior, thus broadening the scope of this exciting research field.
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