Vitamin C and Immune Function.
Vitamin C and Immune Function.
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DOI：
10.3390/nu9111211
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发表时间：
2017-11-03
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Maggini S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carr AC;Maggini S
维生素C是人体必需的微量营养素，具有与其提供电子的能力相关的多效性功能。它是一种有效的抗氧化剂，也是生物合成和基因调节酶家族的辅因子。维生素C通过支持先天和适应性免疫系统的各种细胞功能来促进免疫防御。维生素C支持上皮细胞对病原体的屏障功能，并促进皮肤的氧化剂清除活性，从而潜在地保护免受环境氧化应激。维生素C在吞噬细胞如嗜中性粒细胞中积累，并且可以增强趋化性、吞噬作用、活性氧的产生以及最终的微生物杀灭。它也是巨噬细胞从感染部位凋亡和清除消耗的中性粒细胞所必需的，从而减少坏死/NETosis和潜在的组织损伤。维生素C在淋巴细胞中的作用尚不清楚，但它已被证明可以增强B细胞和T细胞的分化和增殖，这可能是由于其基因调节作用。维生素C缺乏会导致免疫力受损和对感染的易感性增加。反过来，由于炎症和代谢需求的增强，感染会显著影响维生素C水平。此外，补充维生素C似乎能够预防和治疗呼吸道和全身感染。感染的预防性预防需要膳食维生素C摄入量提供至少足够的，如果不是饱和的血浆水平（即，100-200 mg/天），优化细胞和组织水平。相比之下，治疗已建立的感染需要显着更高（克）剂量的维生素，以补偿增加的炎症反应和代谢需求。
Vitamin C is an essential micronutrient for humans, with pleiotropic functions related to its ability to donate electrons. It is a potent antioxidant and a cofactor for a family of biosynthetic and gene regulatory enzymes. Vitamin C contributes to immune defense by supporting various cellular functions of both the innate and adaptive immune system. Vitamin C supports epithelial barrier function against pathogens and promotes the oxidant scavenging activity of the skin, thereby potentially protecting against environmental oxidative stress. Vitamin C accumulates in phagocytic cells, such as neutrophils, and can enhance chemotaxis, phagocytosis, generation of reactive oxygen species, and ultimately microbial killing. It is also needed for apoptosis and clearance of the spent neutrophils from sites of infection by macrophages, thereby decreasing necrosis/NETosis and potential tissue damage. The role of vitamin C in lymphocytes is less clear, but it has been shown to enhance differentiation and proliferation of B- and T-cells, likely due to its gene regulating effects. Vitamin C deficiency results in impaired immunity and higher susceptibility to infections. In turn, infections significantly impact on vitamin C levels due to enhanced inflammation and metabolic requirements. Furthermore, supplementation with vitamin C appears to be able to both prevent and treat respiratory and systemic infections. Prophylactic prevention of infection requires dietary vitamin C intakes that provide at least adequate, if not saturating plasma levels (i.e., 100–200 mg/day), which optimize cell and tissue levels. In contrast, treatment of established infections requires significantly higher (gram) doses of the vitamin to compensate for the increased inflammatory response and metabolic demand.
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影响因子：
3.9
作者：
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