All is not loss: plant biodiversity in the anthropocene.
All is not loss: plant biodiversity in the anthropocene.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0030535
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Kreft H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ellis EC;Antill EC;Kreft H
人为的全球生物多样性变化通常被描述为最近人类干扰造成的大量本地物种损失或入侵。然而，这些生物多样性变化和其他由人类种群及其土地利用直接引起的变化往往在人类世作为长期生物多样性变化过程共同发生。本文通过结合空间显式模型和本地物种损失的估算，以及物种入侵和农业驯化和观赏外来植物的引入所导致的外来物种的增加，在区域景观尺度上探讨了当代维管植物物种丰富度的全球人为格局。由此得出的模式证实，尽管在地球上至少一半的无冰陆地上，本地物种的损失可能是显著的，但模型预测表明，在大多数区域景观中，植物物种丰富度总体上有所增加，主要是因为物种入侵往往超过本地物种的损失。虽然在区域景观尺度上整合人为物种损失、引进和入侵的全球观测系统和模式仍处于早期发展阶段，但在单一评估中整合现有模式的预测证实了其巨大的全球范围和重要性，同时揭示了新的模式及其潜在驱动因素。人类世对植物生物多样性的有效全球管理将需要在区域景观尺度上对不同形式的人为生物多样性变化过程进行观察、建模和预测的综合框架，以保护由人类系统创造和维持的新植物群落内的生物多样性。
Anthropogenic global changes in biodiversity are generally portrayed in terms of massive native species losses or invasions caused by recent human disturbance. Yet these biodiversity changes and others caused directly by human populations and their use of land tend to co-occur as long-term biodiversity change processes in the Anthropocene. Here we explore contemporary anthropogenic global patterns in vascular plant species richness at regional landscape scales by combining spatially explicit models and estimates for native species loss together with gains in exotics caused by species invasions and the introduction of agricultural domesticates and ornamental exotic plants. The patterns thus derived confirm that while native losses are likely significant across at least half of Earth's ice-free land, model predictions indicate that plant species richness has increased overall in most regional landscapes, mostly because species invasions tend to exceed native losses. While global observing systems and models that integrate anthropogenic species loss, introduction and invasion at regional landscape scales remain at an early stage of development, integrating predictions from existing models within a single assessment confirms their vast global extent and significance while revealing novel patterns and their potential drivers. Effective global stewardship of plant biodiversity in the Anthropocene will require integrated frameworks for observing, modeling and forecasting the different forms of anthropogenic biodiversity change processes at regional landscape scales, towards conserving biodiversity within the novel plant communities created and sustained by human systems.
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