SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Delta: a great challenge to prevention and control of COVID-19.
SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Delta: a great challenge to prevention and control of COVID-19.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41392-021-00767-1
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发表时间：
2021-09-27
影响因子：
39.3
通讯作者：
Fan H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li M;Lou F;Fan H
最近，三个小组评估了单抗、恢复期血清和疫苗对Delta变种1-3的影响，这导致了人们对当前疫苗对即将到来的SARS-CoV-2变种的有效性的担忧。世界卫生组织(WHO)已将SARS-CoV-2变种命名为Alpha(B.1.1。7)、Beta(B.1.351)、Gamma(P.1)和Delta(B.1.617.2)作为关注变异体(VOC)，其中Delta变异体因具有显著的传播和免疫逃逸能力而备受关注。截至2021年8月26日，新冠肺炎已造成超过2.146亿人感染，4474,622人死亡(https://coronavirus.JHU。Edu/)。接种疫苗是防止病毒传播、结束疫情的有效手段。世卫组织已批准两种灭活疫苗(BBIBP-Corv、CoronaVac)、两种病毒载体疫苗(AZD1222、AD26)。S)和两种基因疫苗(mRNA1273、BNT162b2)预防SARS-CoV-2感染(https://extranet.谁。Int/pqweb/疫苗/新冠肺炎-疫苗)。然而，包括Delta在内的流行变种对疫苗的有效性构成了巨大的挑战。德尔塔，也称为B.1.617。2020年9月在印度检测到的2个变种已经传播到115个国家(https://cov-lineages.Org/GLOBAL_REPORT_B.1.617。2.html)。Delta变体具有很强的免疫逃逸能力，被认为是迄今已知的最具传染性的变体(图1a)(https://www.谁。Int/emergencies/diseases/novelcoronavirus-2019/media-resources/science-in-5/episode-45---deltavariant).总结了导致免疫逃逸(图1b)和增强病毒感染性(图1c)的潜在关键部位。Planas D等人。1发现Delta变异体感染的S融合细胞比Alpha变异体和D614G突变体有更大的合胞体，提示Delta变异体可能具有更高的细胞融合水平和感染力。然后，展示了S蛋白的三维结构，推测Delta变异体包括del156-157、G158R、L452R、T478K等几个突变导致抗体中和能力降低。随后，评价了8种受体结合域(RBD)抗体(Bamlanivimab、Etesevimab、Casirivimab、Imdevimab、RBD-48、RBD-85、RBD-98和RBD-109)和4种N末端结构域(NTD-18、NTD-20、NTD-69和NTD-71)抗体的中和效率。其中，Bamlanivimab完全失去了对Beta和Delta变体的中和作用(图1d)，其中一个RBD抗体(RBD-85)和三个NTD抗体(NTD-20、NTD-69、NTD-71)的中和活性显著降低。值得注意的是，在自然感染后接种一剂BNT162b2疫苗可以有效地预防变异的Alpha、Beta和Delta。此外，作者还检测了16名BNT162b2疫苗接种者和23名AZD1222疫苗接种者的疫苗血清中中和抗体的效力。BNT162b2第1剂后3周采集的血清标本均不能有效中和Alpha、Beta和Delta变异体，AZD1222第1剂10周后采集的血清标本也有类似的结果。BNT162b2二剂免疫5周或AZD1222二剂免疫4周后，94%和95%的血清中和Delta变异，81%和95%的血清中和Beta变异。作者认为，第二剂疫苗对于促进抗体产生至关重要，这与最近的另一项研究一致。3令人惊讶的是，在第二次注射BNT162b2后13周收集的血清样本中，只有46%和85%的血清保留了对Beta和Delta…的中和作用
Recently, three groups evaluated the effects of monoclonal antibodies, convalescent serum, and vaccines on Delta variant, 1-3 which leads to concerns about the effectiveness of current vaccines to the upcoming SARS-CoV-2 variants. The World Health Organization (WHO) has designated SARS-CoV-2 variants Alpha (B. 1.1. 7), Beta (B. 1.351), Gamma (P. 1), and Delta (B. 1.617. 2) as Variants of Concern (VOC), among which Delta variant with remarkable transmission and immune escape ability has attracted great attentions. By 26 August 2021, COVID-19 has caused more than 214.6 million infections and 4,474,622 deaths (https://coronavirus. jhu. edu/). Vaccination is an effective means to prevent virus spreading and end the epidemic. WHO has authorized two inactivated vaccines (BBIBP-CorV, CoronaVac), two viral vector vaccines (AZD1222, Ad26. COV2-S) and two mRNA vaccines (mRNA1273, BNT162b2) to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections (https://extranet. who. int/pqweb/vaccines/covid-19-vaccines). However, circulating variants including Delta have posed enormous challenges to the effectiveness of vaccines. Delta, also termed B. 1.617. 2 variant, detected in India in September 2020, had already spread to 115 countries (https://cov-lineages. org/global_report_B. 1.617. 2. html). Delta variant with a strong immune escape ability was considered as the most contagious variant known so far (Fig. 1 a)(https://www. who. int/emergencies/diseases/novelcoronavirus-2019/media-resources/science-in-5/episode-45---deltavariant). Potential key sites causing immune escape (Fig. 1 b) and enhancing viral infectivity (Fig. 1 c) are summarized. Planas D et al. 1 found that larger syncytia appeared in S-fuse cells infected by Delta variant compared with Alpha variant and D614G mutant, indicating Delta variant may have higher cell fusion level and infectivity. Then, the three-dimensional structure of S protein was displayed, and several mutations of Delta variant including del156-157, G158R, L452R, T478K were speculated to result in the reduction of antibody neutralization. Subsequently, the neutralization efficiencies of eight receptor binding domain (RBD) antibodies (Bamlanivimab, Etesevimab, Casirivimab, Imdevimab, RBD-48, RBD-85, RBD-98, and RBD-109) and four N terminal domain (NTD) antibodies (NTD-18, NTD-20, NTD-69, and NTD-71) were evaluated. Among them, bamlanivimab completely lost its neutralization against Beta and Delta variants (Fig. 1 d), and significantly neutralization activity reductions were found in one RBD antibody (RBD-85) and three NTD antibodies (NTD-20, NTD-69, NTD-71). It is worth noting that one dose of BNT162b2 vaccination after natural infection could provide effective protection against variant Alpha, Beta, and Delta. In addition, the authors tested the efficacy of neutralizing antibodies in vaccine sera from 16 BNT162b2 vaccine recipients and 23 AZD1222 vaccine recipients. None of the serum samples, collected three weeks after 1st dose of BNT162b2, can effectively neutralize Alpha, Beta and Delta variants, the similar result was also observed in the serum samples collected from 10 weeks after 1st dose of AZD1222. After 2nd dose of BNT162b2 for 5 weeks or 2nd dose of AZD1222 for 4 weeks, 94 and 95% sera effectively neutralized Delta variant, respectively, while 81 and 95% sera neutralized Beta variant. And the authors believed that 2nd dose of vaccine is critical to boost antibodies production, which is consistent with another recent research. 3 Astoundingly, for the serum samples collected 13 weeks after 2nd dose of BNT162b2, only 46 and 85% sera retained the neutralization against Beta and Delta …
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影响因子：
64.5
作者：
Liu C;Ginn HM;Dejnirattisai W;Supasa P;Wang B;Tuekprakhon A;Nutalai R;Zhou D;Mentzer AJ;Zhao Y;Duyvesteyn HME;López-Camacho C;Slon-Campos J;Walter TS;Skelly D;Johnson SA;Ritter TG;Mason C;Costa Clemens SA;Gomes Naveca F;Nascimento V;Nascimento F;Fernandes da Costa C;Resende PC;Pauvolid-Correa A;Siqueira MM;Dold C;Temperton N;Dong T;Pollard AJ;Knight JC;Crook D;Lambe T;Clutterbuck E;Bibi S;Flaxman A;Bittaye M;Belij-Rammerstorfer S;Gilbert SC;Malik T;Carroll MW;Klenerman P;Barnes E;Dunachie SJ;Baillie V;Serafin N;Ditse Z;Da Silva K;Paterson NG;Williams MA;Hall DR;Madhi S;Nunes MC;Goulder P;Fry EE;Mongkolsapaya J;Ren J;Stuart DI;Screaton GR
通讯作者：
Screaton GR
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Planas, Delphine;Veyer, David;Schwartz, Olivier
通讯作者：
Schwartz, Olivier
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Liu, Jianying;Liu, Yang;Shi, Pei-Yong
通讯作者：
Shi, Pei-Yong
影响因子：
64.5
作者：
Walls, Alexandra C;Fiala, Brooke;King, Neil P
通讯作者：
King, Neil P