Familiarity of Background Music Modulates the Cortical Tracking of Target Speech at the "Cocktail Party".
Familiarity of Background Music Modulates the Cortical Tracking of Target Speech at the "Cocktail Party".
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DOI：
10.3390/brainsci12101320
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发表时间：
2022-09-29
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Bidelman, Gavin M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown, Jane A.;Bidelman, Gavin M.
“鸡尾酒会”问题——听者如何在嘈杂的环境中感知语音——通常使用语音（多人胡言乱语）或噪声掩蔽器来研究。然而，现实的鸡尾酒会场景通常包括背景音乐（例如咖啡店、音乐会）。研究音乐对并发语音感知的影响的研究主要使用高度受控的合成音乐或成形噪音，它们不能反映自然的聆听环境。在行为上，熟悉的背景音乐和带有人声/歌词的歌曲会抑制并发语音识别。在这里，我们研究了这些影响的神经基础。在记录多通道脑电图时，参与者听有声读物，同时以 0 dB 信噪比在背景中播放流行歌曲（或静音）。歌曲对于听众来说要么熟悉，要么不熟悉，并且以人声或原始录音中的孤立乐器为特色。理解问题探讨任务参与度。我们使用时间响应函数 (TRF) 来隔离皮层对目标语音包络的跟踪，并分析 100 毫秒左右的神经反应（即听觉 N1 波）。我们发现，与沉默相比，在背景音乐中言语理解能力受到了预期的损害。人声的存在进一步阻碍了目标语音跟踪。当被熟悉的音乐掩盖时，对语音的反应延迟不太容易受到信息掩盖的影响，这表明在听者已知的音乐中，语音的并发神经跟踪更容易。对于音乐能力较差的听众来说，音乐熟悉程度的这些差异效应会进一步加剧。我们的神经影像结果及其对听力技能的依赖与早期的注意力增益机制一致，在早期的注意力增益机制中，熟悉的音乐更容易被忽视（听众已经知道歌曲的期望），因此可以将更少的注意力资源分配给背景音乐，以更好地监控并发语音材料。
The “cocktail party” problem—how a listener perceives speech in noisy environments—is typically studied using speech (multi-talker babble) or noise maskers. However, realistic cocktail party scenarios often include background music (e.g., coffee shops, concerts). Studies investigating music’s effects on concurrent speech perception have predominantly used highly controlled synthetic music or shaped noise, which do not reflect naturalistic listening environments. Behaviorally, familiar background music and songs with vocals/lyrics inhibit concurrent speech recognition. Here, we investigated the neural bases of these effects. While recording multichannel EEG, participants listened to an audiobook while popular songs (or silence) played in the background at a 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio. Songs were either familiar or unfamiliar to listeners and featured either vocals or isolated instrumentals from the original audio recordings. Comprehension questions probed task engagement. We used temporal response functions (TRFs) to isolate cortical tracking to the target speech envelope and analyzed neural responses around 100 ms (i.e., auditory N1 wave). We found that speech comprehension was, expectedly, impaired during background music compared to silence. Target speech tracking was further hindered by the presence of vocals. When masked by familiar music, response latencies to speech were less susceptible to informational masking, suggesting concurrent neural tracking of speech was easier during music known to the listener. These differential effects of music familiarity were further exacerbated in listeners with less musical ability. Our neuroimaging results and their dependence on listening skills are consistent with early attentional-gain mechanisms where familiar music is easier to tune out (listeners already know the song’s expectancies) and thus can allocate fewer attentional resources to the background music to better monitor concurrent speech material.
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