Ribosome heterogeneity and specialization in development.
Ribosome heterogeneity and specialization in development.
复制标题
核糖体异质性和开发专业化。
DOI：
10.1002/wrna.1644
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发表时间：
2021-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Aspden JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Norris K;Hopes T;Aspden JL
蛋白质合成的调节是控制基因表达的重要步骤，尤其是在发育过程中。在过去的10年里，人们已经清楚地看到，核糖体不是负责 翻译的同质机器，而是高度异质的，可以在翻译调控中发挥积极的作用。这些“专门的核糖体”由特定的蛋白质和/或rRNA组成，它们是翻译特定mRNAs所必需的。然而，尽管有广泛的证据表明核糖体的异质性，但对特殊功能的支持是有限的。最近在各种发育模式生物中的工作揭示了核糖体异质性的生物学相关性。核糖体成分的组织特异性表达以及核糖体基因突变的表型分析表明，核糖体的异质性和潜在的特化在胚胎发生、精子发生、卵子发生、身体构型和神经发生等关键发育过程中是常见的。现在已经提出了几个核糖体特化的例子，但核糖体异质性、通过特定机制翻译特定的mRNAs和这些翻译事件的作用之间的密切联系仍然难以捉摸。此外，一些研究表明，异质核糖体群体是组织特异性表达的产物，而不是特殊功能的产物，核糖体蛋白表型是核糖体外功能或整体核糖体水平降低的结果。为了确定核糖体异质性对发育和疾病的功能重要性，仍需要解决许多重要问题，这可能在不同的系统中有所不同。有必要剖析这些问题，以充分了解核糖体组成中断引起的疾病，如核糖体疾病。翻译调节翻译核糖体结构/功能核糖体结构/功能核糖体在疾病和发育中的RNA本文归类如下：核糖体的异质性存在于各种物种中，其对发育的潜在重要性正在评估中，以确定这些核糖体是否是专门化的。
Regulation of protein synthesis is a vital step in controlling gene expression, especially during development. Over the last 10 years, it has become clear that rather than being homogeneous machines responsible for mRNA translation, ribosomes are highly heterogeneous and can play an active part in translational regulation. These “specialized ribosomes” comprise of specific protein and/or rRNA components, which are required for the translation of particular mRNAs. However, while there is extensive evidence for ribosome heterogeneity, support for specialized functions is limited. Recent work in a variety of developmental model organisms has shed some light on the biological relevance of ribosome heterogeneity. Tissue‐specific expression of ribosomal components along with phenotypic analysis of ribosomal gene mutations indicate that ribosome heterogeneity and potentially specialization are common in key development processes like embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, body patterning, and neurogenesis. Several examples of ribosome specialization have now been proposed but strong links between ribosome heterogeneity, translation of specific mRNAs by defined mechanisms, and role of these translation events remain elusive. Furthermore, several studies have indicated that heterogeneous ribosome populations are a product of tissue‐specific expression rather than specialized function and that ribosomal protein phenotypes are the result of extra‐ribosomal function or overall reduced ribosome levels. Many important questions still need to be addressed in order to determine the functional importance of ribosome heterogeneity to development and disease, which is likely to vary across systems. It will be essential to dissect these issues to fully understand diseases caused by disruptions to ribosomal composition, such as ribosomopathies. Translation > Translation Regulation Translation > Ribosome Structure/Function RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development This article is categorized under: Ribosome heterogeneity is found across a variety of species and its potential importance to development is being assessed to determine if these ribosomes are specialized.
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