Epiphyseal bone formation occurs via thyroid hormone regulation of chondrocyte to osteoblast transdifferentiation.

Epiphyseal bone formation occurs via thyroid hormone regulation of chondrocyte to osteoblast transdifferentiation.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41598-017-11050-1
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发表时间:
2017-09-05
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Mohan S
Mohan S
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Aghajanian P;Xing W;Cheng S;Mohan S

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长骨骨干中的软骨内骨化已在胎儿发育期间进行了深入研究,但尚未对出生后的骨骺进行深入研究。免疫组织化学研究表明,骨骺中表达 Sox9 和 Col2 的未成熟软骨细胞转变为肥大前和肥大软骨细胞,并最终在出生后 7-10 天(当甲状腺激素 (TH) 血清水平升高时)转变为表达 Col1 和 BSP 的成骨细胞。使用经他莫昔芬处理的 Rosa-td 番茄 Col2-Cre-ERT2 小鼠进行的谱系追踪表明,在甲状腺功能正常但甲状腺功能减退的小鼠中,表达 Col2 的相同软骨细胞依次表达肥大前、肥大和随后的骨形成标志物,从而提供了软骨细胞向成骨细胞转分化是 TH 依赖性的证据。血管侵入在骨形成时就很明显,但在骨形成之前并不明显。体外研究表明,TH 通过 TRα1 作用促进 SHH 表达,而 TRβ1 激活则增加 IHH 但抑制 SHH 表达。 SHH促进未成熟软骨细胞标志物的表达,但抑制软骨细胞肥大,而IHH促进软骨细胞肥大。基于我们的数据,我们提出了一个模型,其中TH分别通过TRα1和TRβ1作用,微调SHH和IHH的水平,从而控制增殖的未成熟软骨细胞转变为成熟肥大软骨细胞,成为骨骺处的成骨细胞。
Endochondral ossification in the diaphysis of long bones has been studied in-depth during fetal development but not postnatally in the epiphysis. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that Sox9 and Col2 expressing immature chondrocytes in the epiphysis transition into prehypertrophic and hypetrophic chondrocytes and finally into osteoblasts expressing Col1 and BSP during postnatal day 7–10, when serum levels of thyroid hormone (TH) rise. Lineage tracing using Rosa-td tomato Col2-Cre-ERT2 mice treated with tamoxifen indicated that the same Col2 expressing chondrocytes expressed prehypertrophic, hypertrophic, and subsequently bone formation markers in a sequential manner in euthyroid but not hypothyroid mice, thus providing evidence that chondrocyte to osteoblast transdifferentiation is TH-dependent. Vascular invasion was apparent at the time of bone formation but not earlier. In vitro studies revealed that TH acting via TRα1 promoted expression of SHH while TRβ1 activation increased IHH but inhibited SHH expression. SHH promoted expression of markers of immature chondrocytes but inhibited chondrocyte hypertrophy while IHH promoted chondrocyte hypertrophy. Based on our data, we propose a model in which TH acting through TRα1 and TRβ1, respectively, fine tune levels of SHH and IHH and, thereby control the transit of proliferating immature chondrocytes into mature hypertrophic chondrocytes to become osteoblasts at the epiphysis.
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