Precision genome engineering and agriculture: opportunities and regulatory challenges.
Precision genome engineering and agriculture: opportunities and regulatory challenges.
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精准基因组工程和农业：机遇和监管挑战
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.1001877
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发表时间：
2014-06
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Gao C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Voytas DF;Gao C
正如Caixia Gao和Dan Voytas所解释的那样，新技术使精确编辑植物基因组DNA成为可能，为创造作物品种提供了机会，这将有助于应对农业面临的挑战，包括世界人口的增长和环境变化。植物农业正处于一个技术拐点。基因组工程的最新进展使精确改变活细胞中的DNA序列成为可能，对植物的遗传物质提供了前所未有的控制。通过基因工程获得的潜在未来作物包括那些更好地抵抗害虫，具有更高营养价值，并且能够在边际土地上生长的作物。在许多情况下，具有这些性状的作物将通过改变组成植物基因组的数十亿个核苷酸中的几个核苷酸来创造。因此，在适当的监管结构下，通过基因组工程创造的作物可能比基因组中携带外源DNA的植物更容易被公众接受。公众的看法和转基因作物品种的表现将决定这种强大的技术在多大程度上有助于确保世界粮食供应。
As Caixia Gao and Dan Voytas explain, new techniques make it possible to precisely edit plant genomic DNA, providing opportunities to create crop varieties that will help meet the challenges facing agriculture, including an expanding world population and environmental change. Plant agriculture is poised at a technological inflection point. Recent advances in genome engineering make it possible to precisely alter DNA sequences in living cells, providing unprecedented control over a plant's genetic material. Potential future crops derived through genome engineering include those that better withstand pests, that have enhanced nutritional value, and that are able to grow on marginal lands. In many instances, crops with such traits will be created by altering only a few nucleotides among the billions that comprise plant genomes. As such, and with the appropriate regulatory structures in place, crops created through genome engineering might prove to be more acceptable to the public than plants that carry foreign DNA in their genomes. Public perception and the performance of the engineered crop varieties will determine the extent to which this powerful technology contributes towards securing the world's food supply.
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