Exaggerated groups: amplification in ensemble coding of temporal and spatial features.
Exaggerated groups: amplification in ensemble coding of temporal and spatial features.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2017.2770
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发表时间：
2018-05-30
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Whitney D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kanaya S;Hayashi MJ;Whitney D
人类视觉系统沿着许多视觉维度高效地表示汇总统计信息(例如，平均值)。虽然研究表明，通过这种集合编码可以有效地整合集合中项目数量的大约平方根，但如何确定这些样本仍然是未知的。在这里，我们报告了显著项目优先于其他不显著项目的加权，这是通过证明项目组的空间(即大小)和时间(即闪烁时间频率(Tf))特征的感知平均值随着组中项目数量的增加而正向偏向的。这种虚幻的“放大效应”不是决策偏差的产物，而是知觉偏差的产物。此外，我们对类似刺激的视觉搜索实验表明，这种放大效应是由于视觉注意吸引到显著项目(即大Tf或高Tf项目)所致。这些结果支持这样的观点，即摘要统计信息是从集合中提取的，该集合具有对显著项的隐含优先权重。我们的研究表明，这种基于显著程度的加权可能反映了从环境中提取时空统计信息的更优化和更有效的整合策略，因此可能是集成编码的基本原则。
The human visual system represents summary statistical information (e.g. average) along many visual dimensions efficiently. While studies have indicated that approximately the square root of the number of items in a set are effectively integrated through this ensemble coding, how those samples are determined is still unknown. Here, we report that salient items are preferentially weighted over the other less salient items, by demonstrating that the perceived means of spatial (i.e. size) and temporal (i.e. flickering temporal frequency (TF)) features of the group of items are positively biased as the number of items in the group increases. This illusory ‘amplification effect’ was not the product of decision bias but of perceptual bias. Moreover, our visual search experiments with similar stimuli suggested that this amplification effect was due to attraction of visual attention to the salient items (i.e. large or high TF items). These results support the idea that summary statistical information is extracted from sets with an implicit preferential weighting towards salient items. Our study suggests that this saliency-based weighting may reflect a more optimal and efficient integration strategy for the extraction of spatio-temporal statistical information from the environment, and may thus be a basic principle of ensemble coding.
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