Devolution, shifting centre-periphery relationships and conflict in northern Kenya

Devolution, shifting centre-periphery relationships and conflict in northern Kenya
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肯尼亚北部的权力下放、中心与外围关系的转变以及冲突

DOI:
10.1016/j.polgeo.2017.06.004
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
4.1
通讯作者:
Lind J
Lind J
中科院分区:
法学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lind J

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本文探讨了不断变化的治理模式,其特点是权力下放,以及其他发展与不断变化的中心-外围关系及其对肯尼亚北方冲突的影响。肯尼亚2010年的宪法改革为政治权力下放奠定了基础,以此来遏制国家一级的政治冲突,并纠正地区不平等和历史上的边缘化,特别是该国北部的边缘化。肯尼亚北方各州受益于权力下放带来的公共资源意外之财,与此同时,国家和全球对该地区基础设施和资源的投资也大量涌入。这些并行的动态增加了州一级的政治利害关系,也增加了人们对工作、合同和更多经济机会的期望所产生的一系列新的紧张局势的幽灵。文章以图尔卡纳县为重点,发现尽管自2010年以来肯尼亚北方的冲突程度有所增加,但权力下放与其他因素交织在一起,这些因素决定了该地区与中心不断变化的关系,包括资源和基础设施的发展以及青年党的暴力。这些情况造成了因地而异的动态,造成了冲突的拼凑,混淆了权力下放、族群间关系和冲突之间存在明确和毫不含糊关系的假设。
This article examines changing patterns of governance characterised by devolution as well as other developments associated with shifting centre-periphery relationships and their influences on conflict in northern Kenya. Kenya's 2010 constitutional reforms laid the ground for political devolution as a way to stem national-level political conflict as well as redress regional inequalities and historic marginalisation, particularly of the country's north. Counties in northern Kenya have benefitted from a windfall of public resources under devolution, coinciding with an influx of national and global investment in the region's infrastructure and resources. These parallel dynamics have raised the political stakes at the county-level as well as the spectre of a whole host of new tensions arising from people's expectations for jobs, contracts and greater economic opportunities. Focussing on Turkana County, the article finds that while levels of conflict have increased in northern Kenya since 2010, devolution enmeshes with other factors that define the region's changing relationship with the centre, including resource and infrastructural development as well as Al-Shabaab violence. These result in place-specific dynamics, creating a patchwork topography of conflict, confounding assumptions that there is a clear and unambiguous relationship between devolution, inter-communal relations and conflict.
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