Bacterial type II toxin-antitoxin systems acting through post-translational modifications.
Bacterial type II toxin-antitoxin systems acting through post-translational modifications.
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通过翻译后修饰发挥作用的细菌 II 型毒素-抗毒素系统。
DOI：
10.1016/j.csbj.2020.12.002
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
He YX
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang SP;Feng HZ;Wang Q;Kempher ML;Quan SW;Tao X;Niu S;Wang Y;Feng HY;He YX
翻译后修饰(PTM)作为一种重要的分子开关机制，调节多种生物功能，以响应特定的提示。虽然在真核细胞中更常见，但在过去的十年里，许多PTM在细菌中被发现和鉴定，突显了PTMS在调节细菌生理方面的重要性。几种细菌PTM酶被鉴定为II型TA系统的毒素成分，该系统由一种抑制细胞生长的毒素和一种保护细胞免受毒素中毒的抗毒素组成。虽然TA系统可以根据抗毒素的性质和活性分为七种类型，但第二类TA系统可能是不同TA类型中研究最多的，并广泛分布于真细菌和古生菌中。具有PTM活性的II型毒素通常会改变各种细胞靶点，主要与蛋白质翻译和DNA复制有关。本文主要综述了不同家族的PTM毒素的酶活性、靶向性、抗毒素中和机制等方面的研究进展。我们还提出TA系统在概念上可以被视为分子开关，其中系统的‘开’和‘关’状态受到抗毒素的严格控制，并讨论了毒素通过作用于非必要的细胞靶点而具有除抑制生长之外的其他生理作用的前景。
The post-translational modification (PTM) serves as an important molecular switch mechanism to modulate diverse biological functions in response to specific cues. Though more commonly found in eukaryotic cells, many PTMs have been identified and characterized in bacteria over the past decade, highlighting the importance of PTMs in regulating bacterial physiology. Several bacterial PTM enzymes have been characterized to function as the toxin component of type II TA systems, which consist of a toxin that inhibits cell growth and an antitoxin that protects the cell from poisoning by the toxin. While TA systems can be classified into seven types based on nature of the antitoxin and its activity, type II TA systems are perhaps the most studied among the different TA types and widely distributed in eubacteria and archaea. The type II toxins possessing PTM activities typically modify various cellular targets mostly associated with protein translation and DNA replication. This review mainly focuses on the enzymatic activities, target specificities, antitoxin neutralizing mechanisms of the different families of PTM toxins. We also proposed that TA systems can be conceptually viewed as molecular switches where the ‘on’ and ‘off’ state of the system is tightly controlled by antitoxins and discussed the perspective on toxins having other physiologically roles apart from growth inhibition by acting on the nonessential cellular targets.
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