Higher-spin Witten effect and two-dimensional fracton phases
Higher-spin Witten effect and two-dimensional fracton phases
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高自旋维滕效应和二维分形相
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Pretko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Pretko
我们研究了三维$ u（1）$对称张量规理论的“ $ \ theta $ enter”在动作中的作用，描述了托管无间隙的高速量规模态和宽大的细节粒子激励的物质量子阶段，例如分区。在麦克斯韦理论中，$ \ theta $项是一种总导数，对无间隙光子没有影响，但具有两个重要的，紧密相关的后果：将电荷附加到磁性单孔（witten效果）并导致Chern-simons边界上的理论。我们会发现，在高旋转$ u（1）$量表理论中也有类似的故事。这些理论承认对无间隙仪表模式没有影响的广义$ \ theta $项，但在特定组合中将电荷和磁性电荷结合在一起，以较高的旋转效果表现为特定组合。我们得出相应的Witten量化条件。我们发现，与麦克斯韦理论一样，施加时间逆转不变性将$ \ theta限制为某些离散值。我们还发现，这些新的$ \ theta $项意味着一个非平凡的边界结构。边界托管了分面激发，并在手性和非手续品种中都采用了类似于Chern-Simons的动作的张量$ u（1）$ gauge场。这些边界理论为$ u（1）$ fracton阶段的研究打开了张量的chern-simons理论所描述的，不仅是在三维系统的边界上，而且在严格的两个空间维度上。我们通过三个批量和边界理论的示例明确发挥作用，其原理可以很容易地扩展到任意的高层理论。
We study the role of "$\theta$ terms" in the action for three-dimensional $U(1)$ symmetric tensor gauge theories, describing quantum phases of matter hosting gapless higher-spin gauge modes and gapped subdimensional particle excitations, such as fractons. In Maxwell theory, the $\theta$ term is a total derivative which has no effect on the gapless photon, but has two important, closely related consequences: attaching electric charge to magnetic monopoles (the Witten effect) and leading to a Chern-Simons theory on the boundary. We will find that a similar story holds in the higher-spin $U(1)$ gauge theories. These theories admit generalized $\theta$ terms which have no effect on the gapless gauge mode, but which bind together electric and magnetic charges (both of which are generally subdimensional) in specific combinations, in a higher-spin manifestation of the Witten effect. We derive the corresponding Witten quantization condition. We find that, as in Maxwell theory, imposing time-reversal invariance restricts $\theta$ to certain discrete values. We also find that these new $\theta$ terms imply a non-trivial boundary structure. The boundaries host fracton excitations coupled to a tensor $U(1)$ gauge field with a Chern-Simons-like action, in both chiral and non-chiral varieties. These boundary theories open a door to the study of $U(1)$ fracton phases described by tensor Chern-Simons theories, not only on boundaries of three-dimensional systems, but also in strictly two spatial dimensions. We explicitly work through three examples of bulk and boundary theories, the principles of which can be readily extended to arbitrary higher-spin theories.
拓扑量子玻璃态
影响因子：
1.6
作者：
Castelnovo C
通讯作者：
Castelnovo C
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Shi, Bowen;Lu, Yuan-Ming
通讯作者：
Lu, Yuan-Ming