Application of magnetic resonance imaging in zoology
Application of magnetic resonance imaging in zoology
复制标题
磁共振成像在动物学中的应用
作者：
A. Ziegler;M. Kunth;S. Mueller;C. Bock;R. Pohmann;L. Schröder;C. Faber;Gonzalo Giribet
磁共振成像（MRI）是一种非侵入性成像技术，今天构成了临床前和临床成像的主要支柱之一。MRI能够在体外和体内描绘整个标本中的软组织，可实现的体素分辨率远低于（100 μm）3，并且不存在电离辐射，这使得该技术在人类诊断和涉及小动物模型生物体的研究中得到广泛应用。不幸的是，MRI系统是昂贵的设备，并且到目前为止仅零星地用于解决动物学中的问题，特别是动物形态学中的问题。然而，最近两项研究的结果，涉及系统扫描的代表物种从脊椎动物组（鱼类）以及无脊椎动物分类（海胆）表明，MRI实际上可以更广泛地应用于动物学。使用新的图像数据来自众多高等后生动物分支的代表性物种结合全面的文献调查，我们审查和评估的潜力，MRI系统分类扫描。根据我们的研究结果，许多动物群体适合系统的MRI扫描，其中包括各种刺胞动物和节肢动物类群，腕足动物，各种软体动物类群，棘皮动物，以及所有脊椎动物分支。然而，主要由于它们的小尺寸（例如，Kinorhyncha）或其不利的形状（例如，Nematomorpha），而其他分类群倾向于产生与其生物学相关的人工产物（例如，Echiura）或它们的解剖结构（例如，多板纲）。为了启动MRI在动物学中的进一步应用，我们概述了这种技术的各种应用，如使用造影剂，在体内MRI，功能性MRI，以及磁共振波谱的基本原则。最后，我们讨论了未来的技术发展可能会塑造使用MRI的动物标本的研究。
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive imaging technique that today constitutes one of the main pillars of preclinical and clinical imaging. MRI’s capacity to depict soft tissue in whole specimens ex vivo as well as in vivo, achievable voxel resolutions well below (100 μm)3, and the absence of ionizing radiation have resulted in the broad application of this technique both in human diagnostics and studies involving small animal model organisms. Unfortunately, MRI systems are expensive devices and have so far only sporadically been used to resolve questions in zoology and in particular in zoomorphology. However, the results from two recent studies involving systematic scanning of representative species from a vertebrate group (fishes) as well as an invertebrate taxon (sea urchins) suggest that MRI could in fact be used more widely in zoology. Using novel image data derived from representative species of numerous higher metazoan clades in combination with a comprehensive literature survey, we review and evaluate the potential of MRI for systematic taxon scanning. According to our results, numerous animal groups are suitable for systematic MRI scanning, among them various cnidarian and arthropod taxa, brachiopods, various molluscan taxa, echinoderms, as well as all vertebrate clades. However, various phyla in their entirety cannot be considered suitable for this approach mainly due to their small size (e.g., Kinorhyncha) or their unfavorable shape (e.g., Nematomorpha), while other taxa are prone to produce artifacts associated either with their biology (e.g., Echiura) or their anatomy (e.g., Polyplacophora). In order to initiate further uses of MRI in zoology, we outline the principles underlying various applications of this technique such as the use of contrast agents, in vivo MRI, functional MRI, as well as magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Finally, we discuss how future technical developments might shape the use of MRI for the study of zoological specimens.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Garwood, M;DelaBarre, L
通讯作者：
DelaBarre, L
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0403918101
发表时间：
2004-07-27
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Shapiro, EM;Skrtic, S;Koretsky, AP
通讯作者：
Koretsky, AP
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Runcie, Rosa M.;Dewar, Heidi;Dickson, Kathryn A.
通讯作者：
Dickson, Kathryn A.
海龟的耐冻性：通过显微镜和磁共振成像进行视觉分析。
DOI：
10.1152/ajpregu.1994.267.4.r1078
发表时间：
1994
期刊：
The American journal of physiology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Rubinsky,B;Hong,JS;Storey,KB
通讯作者：
Storey,KB
耐冻青蛙冷冻和解冻的 1H 磁共振成像。
DOI：
10.1152/ajpregu.1994.266.6.r1771
发表时间：
1994
期刊：
The American journal of physiology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Rubinsky,B;Wong,ST;Hong,JS;Gilbert,J;Roos,M;Storey,KB
通讯作者：
Storey,KB