Market self-organization and the invisible hand of politics in global risk-trading

Market self-organization and the invisible hand of politics in global risk-trading
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全球风险交易中的市场自组织与政治看不见的手

DOI:
10.1080/09692290.2021.1972434
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
4.3
通讯作者:
Seddon Jack
Seddon Jack
中科院分区:
经济学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
HAKIAI;Daisuke;志田淳二郎;Sistoso Manuel JEFFREY ORDANIEL;Seddon Jack

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为了吸收现代性的风险,保险公司和再保险公司开发了复杂的集体风险分担市场。汇集巨大风险——流行病、核灾难、自然灾害等——的逻辑似乎显而易见。然而,近几十年来,这种持久的市场结构被保险关联证券(ILS)和金融衍生品的引入所破坏。本文对曾经分离的再保险市场和资本市场之间的趋同进行了政治解释。推动变革的力量是对风险和价格信息的争夺:现有再保险公司对信息的保护,以及资本市场新进入者对信息的搜索。能够在再保险和资本市场之间架起桥梁的大型再保险公司,已经能够利用这场斗争中产生的制度不连续性。令人不安的是,随着全球风险升级,该分析解释了ILS市场为何出现了次优、效率不高以及传统再保险市场空心化的原因。更广泛地说,该论点发展了市场自组织和结构的政治概念化。按照这种观点,市场永远不会自发形成有效交换的中性领域。市场总是从内部被调整和扭曲——通过竞争的市场集团之间激烈的内部冲突,就市场组织和技术设计进行讨价还价,即使国家仍然处于边缘地位,这些斗争也是政治性的——产生独特的全球经济结果。
To absorb modernity’s perils, insurers and reinsurers developed sophisticated collective risk sharing markets. The logic of pooling mega risks—pandemics, nuclear catastrophes, natural disasters, etc.—seemed obvious. In recent decades, however, this enduring market structure has been disrupted by the introduction of insurance-linked securities (ILS) and financial derivatives. This article presents a political account of the convergence between once-separate reinsurance and capital markets. The force driving change is a struggle for risk and price information: the protection of information by incumbent reinsurers and the search for information by capital market entrants. Large reinsurers in a position to bridge reinsurance and capital markets have been able to exploit the institutional discontinuities created in this battle. Disturbingly, as global risks escalate, the analysis explains why ILS markets have emerged sub-optimally, not efficiently, and the hollowing out of traditional reinsurance markets. More broadly, the argument develops a political conceptualization of market self-organization and structure. In this view, markets never spontaneously form as neutral fields of efficient exchange. Markets are always geared and distorted from within—through bitter internal conflicts among contending market groups bargaining over market organization and technical design, struggles that are political even if states remain peripheral to them—to produce distinctive global economic outcomes.
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