Research Initiation: High Speed Electroslag Welding - HSESW

电渣焊是一种可自动化的工艺，具有以下几个优点：焊缝金属沉积率高，适用于厚截面（可达一英尺甚至更多），由于残余应力造成的变形低，如果不需要焊后热处理，则具有成本效益。然而，该工艺也有缺点：热影响区宽，晶粒大，并且由于晶界中杂质的偏析而可能脆化。缺点是热输入率高，冷却速度慢。通过降低热输入速率和搅拌焊缝水坑来减少缺点。材料选用2.1 /4% Cr - 1% Mo钢和HY 80结构钢。沉积速度将高于正常速率，从而使热量分布在更长的焊接距离上。将使用填充铁和锰粉的空心条形电极。焊接池将被磁力搅拌。系统地探讨了电压-电流图。焊接件将通过x射线和超声波检查方法、金相、硬度遍历和夏比v形缺口测试（韧性测试）进行评估。

Electroslag welding is an automotable process having several advantages: high rates of weld metal deposition, applicability to thick sections (up to one foot or even more), low distortions due to residual stresses, and cost-effectiveness if no post-weld heat treatment is required. However, the process also has disadvantages: wide heat-affected zone, large grains, and possible embrittlement due to segregation of impurities in grain boundaries. The disadvantages are attributed to the high rates of heat input and the slow cooling. The disadvantages are reduced by reducing the rates of heat input and by stirring the weld puddle. The materials used will be 2 1/4% Cr - 1% Mo steel and HY 80 structural steel. The speed of deposition will be increased above normal rates, thus distributing the heat over a longer weld distance. Hollow strip electrodes filled with iron and manganese powders will be used. The weld pool will be stirred magnetically. The voltage-current diagram will be explored systematically. Weldments will be evaluated by x-ray and ultrasonic inspection methods, metallography, hardness traverses, and charpy V-notch tests (for toughness).