Presidential Young Investigator Award (Computer and Information Science)

总统青年研究员奖（计算机与信息科学）

• 批准号: 8657347
• 负责人: Kenneth Forbus
• 金额: $ 9.08万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1987-08-01 至 1990-08-14
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8657347&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Presidential; Young; Investigator; Award; Computer

This research develops knowledge based computer systems for "qualitative physics," allowing computers to reason more effectively about the physical world. Qualitative physics complements traditional physics by providing (1) fast answers in simple situations and (2) a framework for more detailed analysis. Specific qualitative models are being developed for fluid systems, thermal systems, and motion, adequate to describe complex systems such as as mechanical clocks and boilers. The models include methods for prediction, measurement, interpretation, and for constructing plans and procedures. The research also includes an investigation of how people learn physical domains, including cognitive simulations of analogical processing. The significance of this research is its potential to produce "robust" computer reasoning systems, comparable to humans in their ability to reason approximately about how the physical world around them will behave, without the detailed information and mathematical equations required for classical models of physics. In addition, studying the range of qualitative physics expertise in humans may provide important insight into the nature of cognition. Practical and effective qualitative reasoning systems will also be essential in developing many advanced technological systems: Examples include intelligent monitors for complex systems such as factories and power plants, and intelligent computer assistants for mechanical and engineering design.

这项研究开发了基于知识的计算机系统， “定性物理学”，让计算机能够进行更多的推理， 实际上是关于物理世界的。 定性物理学 通过提供（1）快速答案来补充传统物理学， 简单的情况和（2）更详细的分析框架。 正在为流体开发具体的定性模型 系统、热系统和运动，足以描述 复杂的系统，如机械钟和锅炉。 的 模型包括预测，测量， 解释，以及构建计划和程序。 的 研究还包括对人们如何学习的调查 物理领域，包括类比的认知模拟 处理. 这项研究的意义在于它有可能 产生“强大的”计算机推理系统，可与人类相媲美 在他们的能力，推理大约如何物理 他们周围的世界将表现，没有详细的信息， 和数学方程所需的经典模型， 物理学 此外，研究定性物理学的范围 人类的专业知识可能会提供重要的洞察力， 的认知。 实用有效的定性推理 系统也将是必不可少的发展许多先进的 技术系统：示例包括智能监控器， 工厂和发电厂等复杂系统，以及 机械和工程智能计算机助理 设计