Interactive and Non-Linear Effects of Predation, Intraspeci-fic Competition and Environmental Variation Upon Species Persistence in Marine Soft-Bottom Communities

捕食、种内竞争和环境变化对海洋软底群落物种持久性的交互和非线性影响

• 批准号: 8700414
• 负责人: Romuald Lipcius
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Chesapeake Research Consortium Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1987-04-01 至 1989-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8700414&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Interactive; Non; Linear; Effects; Predation

Scientists in the field of marine ecology have long sought to understand the complex interactions that occur between various organisms in a natural community, and how the physical aspects of their environment influence such important ecological parameters as survival, reproduction, the introduction of new individuals into a population, and the maintenance of population sizes. Much has been learned about the direct effects of one organisms on the population of another (e.g., a predator on a prey species, or a superior competitor on another living thing sharing the same habitat). More complex indirect effects are still not well understood nor predictable, yet these types of interactions can have dramatic controlling influences on the dynamics and maintenance of natural populations. For example, estuarine animals that rely on planktonic larvae to sustain populations can be drastically impacted by offshore changes in predatory fishes that control larval abundance. Dr. Lipcius is a young ecologist who has already exhibited great productivity and innovation in his research, much of it dealing with important resources species (lobsters and crabs). Dr. Lipcius has proposed a sophisticated investigation of such complex, higher-order interactions that work to control animal populations in coastal estuaries. The animals he will study include some very important commercial species; the blue crab, the soft-shelled clam, and the littleneck clam. This research should not only provide some needed data to test new theory on the organization of natural communities via higher- order interactions, but it will also yield some important ecological information useful in the management of valuable fisheries resources.

长期以来，海洋生态学领域的科学家一直在寻找 来理解各种生物之间复杂的相互作用， 自然群落中的生物体，以及 它们所处的环境影响着这些重要的生态参数 生存，繁殖，新个体的引入 形成一个种群，并维持种群的大小。 多 已经了解到一种生物体对 另一个群体（例如，一个捕食者对一个被捕食的物种，或者 在另一个生物上的上级竞争者 栖息地）。 更复杂的间接影响还不好说 理解也不可预测，但这些类型的相互作用可以 对动力学有着戏剧性的控制影响， 保持自然种群。 例如，河口 依靠浮游幼虫维持种群的动物， 会受到近海掠食性鱼类变化的严重影响 控制着幼虫的数量 利普修斯博士是一位年轻的生态学家， 在他的研究中， 处理重要的资源物种（龙虾和螃蟹）。 利普修斯博士提出了一个复杂的调查， 这种复杂的、高阶的相互作用， 沿海河口的动物种群。 他会把动物 研究包括一些非常重要的商业物种;蓝色 螃蟹、软壳蛤和小领蛤。 这 研究不仅应该提供一些必要的数据来测试新的 关于自然群落通过高等生物组织的理论 秩序的相互作用，但它也会产生一些重要的 生态信息有用的管理有价值的 渔业资源。