A Chemical Climatology of Photochemical Oxidants Part B: Research and Training Program

光化学氧化剂的化学气候学 B 部分：研究和培训计划

• 批准号: 8703759
• 负责人: John Hall
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Atlanta University Center Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing grant
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1987-10-01 至 1991-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8703759&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Chemical; Climatology; Photochemical; Oxidants; Part

Current understanding of the chemistry of the lower atmosphere indicates that a wide variety of biological and geological processes are responsible for the release of gaseous emissions from the earth's surface into the atmosphere. These emissions have a major impact on the chemical composition of the atmosphere and therefore, on the overall quality of the planetary life-support system. The vast majority of the trace gases emitted into the atmosphere are in chemically reduced oxidation states. By contrast, materials returned to the surface from the atmosphere, via rain or dry deposition, are highly oxidized. The link between these reduced and oxidized species is provided by atmospheric photochemical reactions. Thus, a chemical cycle is set up by which reduced gases are emitted into the atmosphere photochemically oxidized and finally removed from the atmosphere. This project is the initiation of a research/training program at Atlanta University Center (WUC) in the rapidly growing field of atmospheric chemistry. The program will have as its research focus, "A Study of Chemical Trends and Processes as Related to Photochemical Oxidants." During the next three years the photochemical species of primary interest will be O3, H2O2 (aqueous phase) and H2O2 (gas phase). To date there have been no systematic investigations reported in the literature showing diurnal or longer term correlations between these three key photochemical oxidants. In the short term, this new data base should also help elucidate the transformation rates of such environmentally important species as SO2, particularly as it relates to aqueous phase oxidation processes. In the long term this data base should also prove quite informative in efforts to explore correlative relationships between photochemical oxidant levels and damage to biologically sensitive plant communities. This project also has as a primary objective in the development of a minority oriented training/educational program that will contribute significantly to the number of qualified Black scientists entering the field of chemistry.

目前对低层大气化学的了解表明，各种各样的生物和地质过程是地球表面向大气释放气体的原因。这些排放物对大气层的化学成分产生重大影响，从而对地球生命维持系统的总体质量产生重大影响。排放到大气中的绝大多数痕量气体处于化学还原氧化态。相比之下，通过雨水或干沉积从大气返回到地表的物质被高度氧化。这些还原和氧化物种之间的联系是由大气光化学反应提供的。因此，建立了一个化学循环，通过该化学循环，还原的气体被排放到大气中，被光化学氧化，并最终从大气中去除。该项目是亚特兰大大学中心（WUC）在快速发展的大气化学领域的研究/培训计划的开始。该计划将作为其研究重点，“化学趋势和过程的研究与光化学氧化剂。“在未来三年内，主要感兴趣的光化学物种将是O3，H2 O2（水相）和H2 O2（气相）。到目前为止，还没有系统的调查报告，在文献中显示昼夜或更长期的相关性，这三个关键的光化学氧化剂。在短期内，这一新的数据库还应有助于阐明二氧化硫等对环境重要的物质的转化率，特别是因为它与水相氧化过程有关。从长远来看，这一数据库也应该证明相当翔实的努力，探索光化学氧化剂水平和生物敏感的植物群落的损害之间的相关关系。该项目的一个主要目标是制定一个面向少数民族的培训/教育方案，这将大大有助于增加进入化学领域的合格黑人科学家的数量。