INVESTIGATION OF MICROSCOPIC AND MACROSCOPIC PLASMA PROPERTIES WITH APPLICATION TO SPACE PLASMA

对男女关系的研究有两个重点。第一个是研究控制等离子体在地球、其他行星的磁层和电离层以及行星际介质中的行为的相互作用的非线性过程。今天特别强调发展定量模型，目的是了解并最终预测太阳变化对地球磁层、电离层和大气的短期和长期影响。这包括对影响能量、动量和质量通过太阳风-磁层-电离层（SMI）系统传输的微观过程的详细研究，以及该系统的全球建模。第二次推力利用地球等离子体环境作为实验室，进一步了解基本等离子体过程，这些过程可能在受控条件下复制自然过程（例如人工极光），或者在地面实验室难以实现的等离子体条件下发生（例如，无碰撞冲击）。这将有助于更好地理解等离子体环境与人造物体（航天飞机、空间站、卫星）之间复杂的相互作用，例如尾流效应、微分电荷、气体释放和粒子束注入引起的扰动。该基金支持等离子体波、小尺度结构及其动力学、湍流等对大尺度SMI系统全局动力学有重要影响的研究。发生这种过程的区域遍及地球的磁层和电离层。由于缺乏多点观测，在100至1000公里空间尺度上的真实时空和三维空间结构尚不清楚。然而，这种测量方法在将来将成为可能。小尺度结构、湍流运动和微观波粒相互作用也可以在不了解系统整体状态的情况下进行研究，反之则不然。全局研究需要边界条件和输运系数的知识，而这些只有局部研究才能提供。因此，在开发全球模型之前，需要在这项拨款下发展的微观等离子体现象。

Research in S/T relations has two major thrusts. The first involves the study of the interactive, nonlinear processes that govern the behavior of plasma within the magnetospheres and ionospheres of the earth, other planets, and in the interplanetary medium. Special emphasis today is on the development of quantitative models with the aim of understanding and eventually predicting the influence of solar variations - both short and long term - on the earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere, and atmosphere. This includes detailed studies of microscopic processes which affect the transport of energy, momentum, and mass through the solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere (SMI) system as well as the global modeling of this system. The second thrust uses the geo-plasma environment as a laboratory for furthering our knowledge of fundamental plasma processes which may duplicate natural processes under controlled conditions (e.g. artificial aurora) or which occur under plasma conditions difficult to achieve in ground laboratories (e.g., collisionless shocks). This will help to better understand the complex interactions of the plasma environment with man-made objects (shuttle, space station, satellites) such as wake effects, differential charging, and perturbations due to gas releases and particle-beam injections, for example. This grant supports the study of plasma waves, small-scale structures and their dynamics, and turbulence which have considerable impact on the global dynamics of the large-scale SMI system. Regions in which processes of this kind occur are to be found throughout the earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere. Because of the lack of multi-point observations, the true temporal and three-dimensional spatial structures on spatial scales of several 100 to several 1000km are not well known. Such measurements will, however, become available in the future. Small-scale structures, turbulent motions, and microscopic wave-particle interactions can also be studied without detailed knowledge of the overall state of the system, whereas the reverse is not true. Global studies require knowledge of boundary conditions and transport coefficients which only local studies can provide. Thus the microscopic plasma phenomena developed under this grant are needed prior to the task of developing global models.