INVESTIGATION OF MICROSCOPIC AND MACROSCOPIC PLASMA PROPERTIES WITH APPLICATION TO SPACE PLASMA

S与T的关系研究有两个主要的切入点。第一个是研究控制地球磁层和电离层、其他行星和行星际介质中等离子体行为的相互作用的非线性过程。今天特别强调的是发展定量模型，目的是了解和最终预测太阳变化--无论是短期的还是长期的--对地球磁层、电离层和大气的影响。这包括详细研究影响通过太阳风-磁层-电离层(SMI)系统的能量、动量和质量传输的微观过程以及该系统的全球模拟。第二个推力利用地球等离子体环境作为一个实验室，以促进我们对基本等离子体过程的了解，这些过程可能会在受控条件下重复自然过程(例如人造极光)，或者在地面实验室难以实现的等离子体条件下发生(例如无碰撞冲击)。这将有助于更好地理解等离子体环境与人造物体(航天飞机、空间站、卫星)的复杂相互作用，例如尾流效应、差异充电以及气体释放和粒子束注入引起的扰动。这笔赠款支持对大尺度SMI系统的全球动力学有相当大影响的等离子体波、小尺度结构及其动力学和湍流的研究。发生这类过程的区域遍布地球的磁层和电离层。由于缺乏多点观测，在几百到几千公里的空间尺度上的真实的时间和三维空间结构还不是很清楚。然而，这样的测量将在未来提供。在没有详细了解系统整体状态的情况下，也可以研究小尺度结构、湍流运动和微观波-粒子相互作用，反之亦然。全球研究需要边界条件和传输系数的知识，而只有当地研究才能提供这些知识。因此，在开发全球模型的任务之前，需要在这笔赠款下开发的微观等离子体现象。

Research in S/T relations has two major thrusts. The first involves the study of the interactive, nonlinear processes that govern the behavior of plasma within the magnetospheres and ionospheres of the earth, other planets, and in the interplanetary medium. Special emphasis today is on the development of quantitative models with the aim of understanding and eventually predicting the influence of solar variations - both short and long term - on the earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere, and atmosphere. This includes detailed studies of microscopic processes which affect the transport of energy, momentum, and mass through the solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere (SMI) system as well as the global modeling of this system. The second thrust uses the geo-plasma environment as a laboratory for furthering our knowledge of fundamental plasma processes which may duplicate natural processes under controlled conditions (e.g. artificial aurora) or which occur under plasma conditions difficult to achieve in ground laboratories (e.g., collisionless shocks). This will help to better understand the complex interactions of the plasma environment with man-made objects (shuttle, space station, satellites) such as wake effects, differential charging, and perturbations due to gas releases and particle-beam injections, for example. This grant supports the study of plasma waves, small-scale structures and their dynamics, and turbulence which have considerable impact on the global dynamics of the large-scale SMI system. Regions in which processes of this kind occur are to be found throughout the earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere. Because of the lack of multi-point observations, the true temporal and three-dimensional spatial structures on spatial scales of several 100 to several 1000km are not well known. Such measurements will, however, become available in the future. Small-scale structures, turbulent motions, and microscopic wave-particle interactions can also be studied without detailed knowledge of the overall state of the system, whereas the reverse is not true. Global studies require knowledge of boundary conditions and transport coefficients which only local studies can provide. Thus the microscopic plasma phenomena developed under this grant are needed prior to the task of developing global models.