INVESTIGATION OF MICROSCOPIC AND MACROSCOPIC PLASMA PROPERTIES WITH APPLICATION TO SPACE PLASMA

科技关系研究有两个主要方向。 第一 涉及到对互动的非线性过程的研究， 控制着磁层内等离子体的行为， 地球、其他行星和行星际的电离层 介质 今天特别强调的是定量的发展， 模型的目的是了解并最终预测 太阳变化的影响-短期和长期-对 地球的磁层、电离层和大气层。 这包括 详细研究影响运输的微观过程 能量、动量和质量通过太阳 风-磁层-电离层（SMI）系统以及全球 这个系统的建模。 第二个推力是利用地球等离子体 环境作为一个实验室，以促进我们的知识， 可能复制自然过程的基本等离子体过程 在受控条件下（如人造极光）或发生 在地面实验室难以实现的等离子体条件下 (e.g.,无碰撞冲击）。 这将有助于更好地理解 等离子体环境与人为因素的复杂相互作用 物体（航天飞机、空间站、卫星），如尾流效应， 差分充电，以及由于气体释放和 比如粒子束注入 这项拨款支持等离子体波的研究，小规模的 结构及其动力学，以及湍流， 对大规模SMI系统的全球动力学的影响。 区域 这种过程发生的地方， 地球的磁层和电离层。 因为缺乏 多点观测，真正的时间和三维 100到1000公里空间尺度的空间结构 并不广为人知。 然而，这种测量将成为 在未来可用。 小规模的结构，湍流运动， 还可以研究微观波粒相互作用 在不详细了解系统的总体状态的情况下， 反之则不然。 全球研究需要了解 边界条件和输运系数， 研究可以提供。 因此，微观等离子体现象的发展 根据这项赠款，在开发全球 模型

Research in S/T relations has two major thrusts. The first involves the study of the interactive, nonlinear processes that govern the behavior of plasma within the magnetospheres and ionospheres of the earth, other planets, and in the interplanetary medium. Special emphasis today is on the development of quantitative models with the aim of understanding and eventually predicting the influence of solar variations - both short and long term - on the earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere, and atmosphere. This includes detailed studies of microscopic processes which affect the transport of energy, momentum, and mass through the solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere (SMI) system as well as the global modeling of this system. The second thrust uses the geo-plasma environment as a laboratory for furthering our knowledge of fundamental plasma processes which may duplicate natural processes under controlled conditions (e.g. artificial aurora) or which occur under plasma conditions difficult to achieve in ground laboratories (e.g., collisionless shocks). This will help to better understand the complex interactions of the plasma environment with man-made objects (shuttle, space station, satellites) such as wake effects, differential charging, and perturbations due to gas releases and particle-beam injections, for example. This grant supports the study of plasma waves, small-scale structures and their dynamics, and turbulence which have considerable impact on the global dynamics of the large-scale SMI system. Regions in which processes of this kind occur are to be found throughout the earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere. Because of the lack of multi-point observations, the true temporal and three-dimensional spatial structures on spatial scales of several 100 to several 1000km are not well known. Such measurements will, however, become available in the future. Small-scale structures, turbulent motions, and microscopic wave-particle interactions can also be studied without detailed knowledge of the overall state of the system, whereas the reverse is not true. Global studies require knowledge of boundary conditions and transport coefficients which only local studies can provide. Thus the microscopic plasma phenomena developed under this grant are needed prior to the task of developing global models.