Energy Balance in Atmospheric Tides

大气潮汐是由太阳和月亮不断提供的能量维持的。这种能量是通过吸收低层和中层大气中的太阳辐射、低层和中层大气中的太阳辐射以及在低层大气中起作用的重力潮汐力获得的。这样提供的能量用来克服内部耗散。能量平衡还必须考虑到大气与底层海洋和固体地球之间的能量交换。本研究的目的是对大气潮汐能的源汇进行定量评价。月球的半日潮是最简单的例子，因为它只受引力的激发。这使得从观测到的地球表面的潮汐压力分布推断耗散成为可能。太阳日潮，虽然纯粹是热的起源，是一个更困难的情况，因为耗散只能通过数值模拟来估计。从能量平衡的角度来看，最大的大气潮汐——太阳半日潮——是最复杂的，因为它同时具有引力和热激励。这也需要数值模拟。普拉兹曼教授是一位著名的气象学家，在大气和海洋潮汐的各种问题上有着丰富的经验；他是从事拟议工作的理想人选。

Atmospheric tides are maintained by a continual supply of energy from the sun and moon. This energy is acquired by absorption of solar radiation in the lower and middle atmosphere, and from solar radiation in the lower and middle atmosphere, and from gravitational tide forces, which act in the lower atmosphere. The energy thus supplied is used to overcome internal dissipation. The energy balance must also account for the exchange of energy between the atmosphere and the underlying ocean and solid earth. The aim of this research is to make a quantitative assessment of the sources and sinks of atmospheric tidal energy. The lunar semidiurnal tide is the simplest case, because it is excited only by gravitational forces. This makes it possible to infer the dissipation from the observed distribution of tidal pressure at the earth's surface. The solar diurnal tide, although purely thermal in origin, is a more difficult case because the dissipation can be estimated only by numerical modeling. The largest atmospheric tide--the solar semidiurnal-- is the most complicated from the standpoint of energy balance, because it has both gravitational and thermal excitations. It, too, requires numerical modeling. Professor Platzman is a renowned meteorologist with considerable experience with various problems of tides, both atmospheric and oceanic; he is an ideal candidate to pursue the proposed work.