Plasma Heating and Energy Transport During Solar Flares

在太阳耀斑期间，释放出大量的能量。能量释放分三个阶段进行。第一个阶段是前驱阶段，它与轻微增强的发射有关，可能与磁通量的出现或重排有关。第二个阶段是发生初级能量释放的脉冲(有时称为非热)阶段，与最高能量现象和电磁辐射强度和体积的快速增加有关。第三阶段是渐进阶段，其特点是能量较低，排放强度缓慢衰减，有时还会释放二次能量。这笔赠款将支持建立一个自洽模型，研究太阳耀斑脉冲阶段释放的高能粒子在逐渐阶段向下进入日冕和色球、外冕和行星际介质的传播。这项研究试图提供一种手段，统一现有的模型，以产生关于太阳耀斑期间等离子体加热和能量传输的连贯和全面的图景。对这些过程的了解对于我们理解等离子体加速或加热到高能的机制以及色球和日冕中的等离子体和能量流动是很重要的。这一结果将为解释太阳X射线和射电辐射提供更好的基础，这反过来将为太阳耀斑和其他恒星和行星上类似的高能现象的模型提供新的信息。太阳耀斑是影响地球大气的最具能量、最具爆炸性的现象。

During solar flares large amounts of energy are released. The energy release occurs in three phases. The first phase is the precursor phase which is associated with slightly enhanced emissions and perhaps the emergence or rearrangement of magnetic flux. The second phase, the impulsive (sometimes called non- thermal) phase where the primary energy release occurs, is associated with the highest energy phenomena and a rapid increase in intensity and volume of electromagnetic emissions. The third phase is the gradual phase which is characterized by lower energy phenomena, a slow decay in the intensity of emissions and, sometimes, secondary energy releases. This grant will support the development of a self-consistent model for the propagation of energetic particles released in the impulsive phase of solar flares down into the lower corona and chromosphere, the outer corona and interplanetary medium during the gradual phase. The study seeks to provide a means for unifying existing models to produce a coherent and comprehensive picture of plasma heating and energy transport during solar flares. A knowledge of these processes is important for our understanding of mechanisms to accelerate or heat plasmas to high energies and of the plasma and energy flow in the chromosphere and corona. The results will provide a better basis for interpreting solar X-ray and radio emissions which will in turn provide new information for models of solar flares and similar high energy phenomena on other stars and planets. The solar flare is the most energetic, explosive phenomenon affecting the terrestrial atmosphere.