Chemosystematics and Phylogenetics of South American Xanthoparmeliae

南美黄花的化学系统学和系统发育学

• 批准号: 8800133
• 负责人: Thomas Nash
• 金额: $ 13.98万
• 依托单位: Arizona State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-05-01 至 1992-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8800133&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Chemosystematics; Phylogenetics; South; American; Xanthoparmeliae

Lichens are symbiotic organisms composed of both an alga and a fungus. They dominate approximately 8% of terrestrial ecosystems and are important contributors to mineral cycling in many areas. Also they are important biological indicators of pollution hazards such as sulfur dioxide. Dr. Thomas Nash of Arizona State University is studying the species of lichens of the genus Xanthoparmelia in South America, in order to determine reliable morphological and biochemical characters by which to recognize individual species and further to attempt to determine the evolutionary affinities of these taxa. Hundreds of novel chemical compounds (so called "lichen substances") have been identified in various lichens, and used at times as species markers. Dr. Nash will test whether these chemical types are stable features of particular species or whether the chemistry varies with environmental conditions under which the lichens grow. His taxonomic work on South American lichens will complement projects underway or completed on this genus for South Africa, Australasia, and North America, covering ultimately nearly 400 species.

地衣是由藻类和真菌组成的共生生物。它们控制着大约8%的陆地生态系统，是许多地区矿物循环的重要贡献者。此外，它们也是二氧化硫等污染危害的重要生物指标。亚利桑那州立大学的托马斯·纳什博士正在研究南美洲黄花属地衣的物种，以确定可靠的形态和生化特征，以识别单个物种，并进一步尝试确定这些类群的进化亲缘关系。在各种地衣中已经发现了数百种新的化合物(所谓的地衣物质)，并有时被用作物种标记。纳什博士将测试这些化学类型是否是特定物种的稳定特征，或者这些化学物质是否会随着地衣生长的环境条件而变化。他对南美地衣的分类工作将补充南非、澳大拉西亚和北美正在进行或完成的关于该属的项目，最终覆盖近400个物种。