Early Neolithic Social and Economic Organization

新石器时代早期社会经济组织

• 批准号: 8805419
• 负责人: Brian Byrd
• 金额: $ 0.54万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-09-01 至 1990-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8805419&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Early; Neolithic; Social; Economic; Organization

The archaeological site of Beidha, located in Southern Jordan, was the focus of eight seasons field research between 1958 and 1983. The low tell covers an area of approximately 2935 square miles, and extensive excavations have uncovered almost this entire area. Six main village levels have been identified and 70 structures examined. Radiocarbon dates indicate an occupation during the 8th and 7th millennia B.C., and this Neolithic site documents the early stages of the transition to agriculture and herding in the Near East. Dr. Byrd participated in the excavation and has access to the archaeological notes, field plans, and artifacts. He will analyze these materials to examine changes in the organizational structure and nature of activity areas during the long occupation sequence. Analysis will include the orientation and arrangement of buildings, circulation pathways, building size features and contents. This data set will provide a unique opportunity to examine changes in community organization, in household configuration and activities, and in production of specialization. The Neolithic period in the Near East saw the rise of a social system which is characteristic of complex societies such as our own. Through examination of this process, archaeologists can gain insight into how complex societies which characterize both developed and developing countries arise and are maintained.

位于约旦南部的贝达考古遗址是 1958 年至 1983 年间八个季节实地研究的重点。低洼地面积约为 2935 平方英里，广泛的发掘几乎发现了整个区域。 已确定了六个主要村庄级别并检查了 70 个结构。 放射性碳测年表明，公元前 8 世纪和 7 世纪有人居住，这个新石器时代遗址记录了近东向农业和畜牧业过渡的早期阶段。 伯德博士参与了发掘工作，并获得了考古笔记、实地平面图和文物。 他将分析这些材料，以考察在长期占领序列中组织结构和活动区域性质的变化。 分析将包括建筑物的方向和布置、流通路径、建筑物尺寸特征和内容。 该数据集将为检查社区组织、家庭配置和活动以及专业化生产的变化提供独特的机会。 近东新石器时代出现了一种社会制度，这是像我们这样的复杂社会的特征。 通过研究这一过程，考古学家可以深入了解发达国家和发展中国家所特有的复杂社会是如何产生和维持的。