Technological and social developments in Neolithic and Chalcolithic Monjukli Depe (Turkmenistan) and its environs

2011年至2014年在蒙朱克利德佩进行的挖掘工作为土库曼斯坦南部迄今为止鲜为人知的早期新石器时代（公元前5千纪）提供了一幅复杂的画面。特别值得注意的是保存完好的建筑，或多或少标准化，一室房屋和结构化的村庄布局。一个耸人听闻的发现是在一座被大火烧毁的新石器时代房屋（14号房屋）中的人物和抽象壁画。目前的申请是为了完成该项目而继续我们的工作两年。最初申请的三个目标-从新石器时代的Jeitun到Aneolithic Anau IA文化的发展分析，在Aeneolithic家庭之间的定居差异，以及重建古代景观及其使用-将被追求。我们的工作重点将是（1）移除和保护14号屋的壁画;（2）更好地理解新石器时代和新石器时代之间的连续性和中断。壁画将被专业地从建筑背景中移除（在扶壁上），并保存在附近的实验室，为长期展览做准备。从新石器时代到新石器时代的过渡将从两个方面进行分析。在Dagylly Depe的地层sondage应该提供有关当地新石器时代晚期组合发展的证据。根据我们目前的知识状态，在Monjukli Depe的新石器时代和Aeneolithic时代之间存在着一个很长的间隔。一系列的放射性碳年代测定从Eschagylly Depe应该有助于弥补这一差距的年代学的Meana地区。动态是复杂的，在生存和房屋建设的结构连续性，但在陶瓷生产领域和冶金和纺织制造的开始中断。我们研究这些关系的变化和连续性在六个不同领域的文化技术（烟火技术，减材技术，生计做法，纤维加工，食品加工和做法，属于意识形态领域）。就新石器时代而言，这是为了充实我们现有的知识;就新石器时代而言，我们计划在蒙朱克利德佩土墩的北方边缘暴露更大的区域。最后，蒙朱克利德佩周围的地区今天是一片干旱的草原。该项目的第三个组成部分是重建古代景观及其与生计做法的联系。计划中的地质考古实地工作已基本完成，但本申请要求支持对动物遗骸进行同位素分析。

The excavations at Monjukli Depe in 2011-2014 have yielded a complex picture of the hitherto poorly known early Aeneolithic (5th millennium BCE) in southern Turkmenistan. Especially noteworthy is the very well preserved architecture, with more or less standardized, one-room houses and a structured village layout. A sensational discovery is the figural and abstract wall painting in an Aeneolithic house (House14) that was destroyed by fire. The current application is for a two-year continuation of our work in order to complete the project. The three objectives of the initial application - the analysis of developments from the Neolithic Jeitun to the Aneolithic Anau IA culture, intra-settlement differences among households in the Aeneolithic, and the reconstruction of the ancient landscape as well as its use - will be pursued. The main focus of our work will be (1) the removal and conservation of the wall painting in House 14 and (2) a better understanding of the continuity and breaks between the Neolithic and Aeneolithic.The wall paintings will be professionally removed from their architectural context (on a buttress) and conserved in a nearby laboratory in preparation for long-term exhibition. The transition from the Neolithic to the Aeneolithic will be analyzed in two ways. A stratigraphic sondage in Çagylly Depe should yield evidence concerning the development of the local late Neolithic assemblages. According to the current state of our knowledge, there exists a long hiatus between the Neolithic and Aeneolithic at Monjukli Depe. A series of radiocarbon dates from Çagylly Depe should help to close this gap in the chronology of the Meana region. The dynamics are complex, with structural continuities in subsistence and house construction, but breaks in the realm of ceramic production and in terms of the onset of metallurgy and textile manufacture. We examine these relationships in terms of change and continuity in six different areas of cultural techniques (pyrotechnology, subtractive technologies, subsistence practices, fiber processing, food processing and practices that fall within the sphere of ideology). In the case of the Aeneolithic this is intended to round out our existing knowledge; for the Neolithic we plan to expose larger areas at the northern edge of the Monjukli Depe mound.Finally, the area around Monjukli Depe is today an arid steppe. The third component of the project is the reconstruction of the ancient landscape together with its connection to subsistence practices. The planned geoarchaeological fieldwork is largely complete, whereas support for an isotopic analysis of the faunal remains is requested in the present application.