Data Base Development

1974年，欧洲共同体委员会发起了 Euro-Barometer调查是一项调查研究计划，旨在 定期监测社会和政治态度 九个国家公众的代表性国家样本- 成员国、法国、西德德国、英国、意大利、 荷兰、比利时、丹麦、爱尔兰和卢森堡。 的 1980年10月，接受调查的国家增加到10个， 随着希腊的进入，人数增加到十二人， 1985年10月，西班牙和葡萄牙加入。 每年春季和秋季进行，共28次 1987年底完成了欧洲晴雨表调查。 在 除了获得定期阅读支持欧洲 融合、国家目标和政治问题、政党 偏好、意识形态取向和主观幸福感， 鉴于欧洲晴雨表已经探索了各种特殊的主题， 比如对贫困和失业的态度，性别角色， 人际信任，能源与环境问题，态度 对工作和对科学技术的态度。 欧洲共同体委员会赞助这些调查 为了获得关于公众现状的反馈， 在成员国的意见;它不资助社会 科学研究本身。 因此，委员会不提供 用于清理或存档数据的资金。 后立即 实地考察，一组表格运行，以提供基础， 每年向委员会提交两次报告。 然后将数据转换为 交给这个项目的首席研究员 普通用户会发现难以利用。 数据已 未清理，其编码和格式因国家而异 从一个调查到下一个调查。 此外， 没有密码本，也没有任何文件， 调查表，以各报告所用的各种语文印发。 国家 该项目使社会科学家能够利用 每年春季和秋季进行的跨国调查， 欧盟12国。 校长 调查人员将获取数据，清理它们，重新编码， 跨国标准化表格，编写机读 每一次调查的代码簿，并通过互联网分发， 大学政治和社会研究联合会调查 密歇根大学的数据存档。一个指标的 这些数据对社会科学界的价值是 对已发布的调查的广泛需求， 约会 欧洲共同体的调查已成为第三大 联盟处理的广泛要求的数据集， 在全国选举研究和全国选举研究之后， 民意研究中心一般社会调查。 领域的 比较政治学，没有什么能达到它们的使用水平。 的 数据集已经提供给200多个不同的 机构，其中一些是外国调查数据档案 为整个国家服务 这些数据被用于数十个 在政治学领域， 社会心理学、社会学和经济学。

In 1974, the Commission of the European Communities launched the Euro-Barometer surveys, a survey research program designed to provide regular monitoring of the social and political attitudes of representative national samples of the public of the nine- member nations, France, West Germany, Great Britain, Italy, The Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Ireland and Luxembourg. The number of countries surveyed increased to ten in October, 1980, with the entry of Greece; and the number increased to twelve, with the addition of Spain and Portugal in October, 1985. Carried out in the Spring and Fall of each year, a total of 28 Euro-Barometer surveys had been completed by the end of 1987. In addition to obtaining regular readings on support for European integration, national goals and political issues, political party preferences, ideological orientations and subjective well-being, given Euro-Barometers have explored a variety of special topics such as attitudes toward poverty and unemployment, gender roles, interpersonal trust, energy and environmental problems, attitudes toward work and attitudes toward science and technology. The Commission of the European Communities sponsors these surveys in order to obtain feedback about the current state of public opinion in the member countries; it does not finance social science research per se. Accordingly, the Commission provides no funds for cleaning or archiving the data. Immediately after fieldwork, a set of tabulations is run to provide the basis for a twice-yearly report to the Commission. The data are then turned over to this project's principal investigator in a condition that the average user would find difficult to utilize. The data have not been cleaned, and their coding and format vary from country to country and from one survey to the next. Moreover, there is no codebook and little documentation of any kind beyond the questionnaires in the various languages used in the respective countries. This project makes available to social scientists the body of cross-national surveys carried out each Spring and Fall in each of the 12 European Community countries. The principal investigator will acquire the data, clean them, recode them in cross-nationally standardized form, prepare machine-readable codebooks for each survey and distribute them through the Inter- university Consortium for Political and Social Research survey data archive at the University of Michigan. One indicator of the value these data have for the social science community is the widespread demand for the surveys that have been released to date. The European Community surveys have become the third most widely-requested datasets handled by the Consortium, ranking immediately after the National Election Studies and the National Opinion Research Center General Social Surveys. In the field of Comparative Politics, nothing approaches their level of use. The datasets have been furnished to well over 200 different institutions, several of which are foreign survey data archives that service entire nations. The data are utilized in scores of publications each year, in the fields of political science, social psychology, sociology and economics.