Technopoles of Southern California

美国工业生产的形式和地点， 其他西方国家在过去几十年里发生了巨大变化。 传统的方法是集中的流水线生产 公司之间高度的纵向一体化（现在称为 “福特主义”承认美国汽车的作用 制造商在世纪早期开发了该系统）。 这 结构已经被新的“灵活生产”模式所取代， 哪些公司使用经营和位置风格，以允许最大限度地 灵活应对迅速变化的国际格局 竞争对手的需求和活动。 这些新模式 新的“高科技”产业率先生产， 但它们的影响现在已波及所有工业部门。 社会 科学家们已经通过一个 各种各样的案例研究，但没有全面的、跨部门的和 跨地区的比较已经作出的影响， 工业生产对城市系统的影响。 该项目将确定主要的社会和经济基础， 加州南部高科技产业的集中， 将研究这些浓度对生长的影响， 该地区的地理结构。 四个方面的高- 技术产业发展将在理论和实践两个方面进行研究。 和经验背景：技术的发展和创新， 产业组织、劳动力市场和区位的过程 动力学 理论工作将导致制定一个地点 高科技产业的模式，这将通过测试， 对南加州公司的详细调查。 该测试 将包括该地区所有高科技公司的清单 电子和航空航天工业的详细分析， 使用调查和访谈。 分析将具体 行业之间的位置问题，包括 外部经济，纵向一体化的程度， 企业的组织和劳动力市场特征。 额外 调查将集中在工业发展与 产业劳动力的人口特征和教育水平 产业变化对区域经济格局的影响 增长 这些实证分析将包括标准形式的 对出版物中的大量数据进行统计和制图分析 原始调查和访谈中收集的来源和数据。 这项研究的好处将是多方面的。 的 产业发展与城市结构的理论基础 将通过理论的扩展和严格的 相关假设的实证检验。 了解具体的 高科技发展也会大大提高， 扩展我们对这些行业如何在全球范围内发展和运作的理解， 一般和南部加州，在那里他们有这样深刻的 对美国最大、发展最快的 大都市综合体。

The form and location of industrial production in the U.S. and other western nations has changed dramatically in the last few decades. Traditional methods consisted of concentrated, assembly-line production with high degrees of vertical integration among firms (now termed "fordism" in recognition of the role of the U.S. automobile manufacturer in developing this system early in the century). This structure has been supplanted by new modes of "flexible production," in which firms use operational and locational styles to permit maximum flexibility in response to rapidly changing patterns of international demand and activity by their competitors. These new modes of production have been pioneered in newer "high technology" industries, but their impact now is felt in all industrial sectors. Social scientists have examined various facets of this change through a variety of case studies, but no comprehensive, cross-sectoral and cross-locational comparison has been made of the impacts of changing industrial production on urban systems. This project will identify the social and economic bases of major concentrations of high-technology industries in southern California and will investigate the impacts of these concentrations on the growth and geographic structure of the region. Four specific facets of high- technology industrial development will be examined in both theoretical and empirical contexts: the development and innovation of technology, the processes of industrial organization, labor markets, and locational dynamics. Theoretical work will result in development of a locational model of high-technology industries, which will be tested through detailed examination of firms in southern California. This testing will include an inventory of all high-technology firms in the region and detailed analyses of electronics and aerospace industries through the use of surveys and interviews. Analyses will be made of specific locational issues among and between industries, including the presence of external economies, the extent of vertical integration, and the organizational and labor market characteristics of firms. Additional inquiries will focus on the relationship of industrial development with the demographic character and educational levels of industrial labor forces, and on the impacts of industrial change on patterns of regional growth. These empirical analyses will consist of standard forms of statistical and cartographic analysis of extensive data from published sources and data gathered in original surveys and interviews. The benefits of this research will be multi-faceted. The theoretical bases relating industrial development and urban structure will be enhanced through both expansion of theory and the rigorous empirical testing of related hypotheses. Knowledge of the specifics of high-technological developmental also will be greatly enhanced, greatly extending our understanding of how such industries grow and function in general and in southern California, where they have had such profound impacts on one of the nation's largest and most rapidly growing metropolitan complexes.