The Motion-Picture Production Complex of Hollywood: Agglomeration, Industrial Dualism, and the Global Market

这个项目涉及对洛杉矶电影业的空间和功能逻辑的调查。将特别注意产业的区位集聚和分散趋势，作为主要和独立的二元系统的生产组织，以及分配在维持整个电影制作系统的经济活力中的作用。该项目的目标不仅是了解这一特殊情况的复杂性，而且更广泛地促进我们对文化产业及其在以城市为基础的生产系统全球化中的基础的了解。本研究将探讨三条主要路线：(1)洛杉矶的电影业是如何根据不断变化的社会分工组织起来的？是什么地理力量让这个行业被锁定在好莱坞的中心集聚地？相反，好莱坞目前的失控制作水平是什么，是什么因素鼓励了这种现象？(2)大公司和独立公司的角色是什么，它们之间的关系，以及它们对该行业的经济和区位动态的影响？(3)好莱坞电影集聚的产品是如何组织的，发行系统如何帮助巩固(或削弱)这种集聚的竞争优势？该项目将对1200多家电影公司进行邮件和电子邮件调查，然后采访选定的公司代表。这项研究将对美国最大、最神秘的工业集聚之一进行全面而合理的描述。它将特别展示全球市场如何塑造一个主要工业集群的动态，反过来，如何根据主要存在于本地化生产集群的竞争优势来争夺全球市场本身。

This project involves an investigation of the spatial and functional logic of the motion-picture industry in Los Angeles. Particular attention will be paid to locational agglomeration and dispersal tendencies in the industry, to the organization of production as a dualistic system of majors and independents, and to the role of distribution in sustaining the economic vibrancy of the entire motion-picture production system. The goals of the project are not only to understand the complexities of this particular case, but to contribute more generally to the our knowledge of cultural industries and their basis in globalizing urban-based production systems. Three major lines of inquiry will be pursued: (1) How is the motion-picture industry of Los Angeles organized in terms of the changing social division of labor? What are the geographical forces that keep the industry locked in to the central agglomeration of Hollywood? Conversely, what is the current level of runaway production from Hollywood, and what factors encourage this phenomenon? (2) What are the roles of majors and independents, their relations, and their impacts on the economic and locational dynamics of the industry? (3) How is the distribution of the products of Hollywood's motion-picture agglomeration organized and how does the distribution system help to consolidate (or undermine) the competitive supremacy of this agglomeration? The project will conduct a mail and email survey of over 1200 motion-picture companies, followed by interviews of selected company representatives.This research will provide a comprehensive and reasoned description of one of America's largest and most enigmatic industrial agglomerations. It will show, in particular, how the dynamics of a major industrial cluster are shaped by global markets, and conversely, how global markets themselves can be contested on the basis of competitive advantages residing for the most part in localized clusters of production.