The Motion-Picture Production Complex of Hollywood: Agglomeration, Industrial Dualism, and the Global Market

该项目涉及对洛杉矶电影工业的空间和功能逻辑的调查。将特别注意工业中的地点聚集和分散趋势，作为主要和独立的二元系统的生产组织，以及分配在维持整个电影生产系统的经济活力方面的作用。该项目的目标不仅是了解这一特殊情况的复杂性，而且更广泛地促进我们对文化产业的认识及其在全球化城市生产系统中的基础。本文将探讨三个主要问题：(1)根据社会分工的变化，洛杉矶的电影产业是如何组织起来的？是什么地理因素将电影产业锁定在好莱坞的中心地带？相反，好莱坞目前的失控制作水平是什么？是什么因素助长了这种现象？(2)专业公司和独立公司的角色、关系以及它们对行业经济和区位动态的影响是什么？(3)好莱坞电影集群产品的分销是如何组织的，分销系统如何有助于巩固（或破坏）这一集群的竞争优势？该项目将对1200多家电影公司进行邮件和电子邮件调查，然后对选定的公司代表进行访谈。这项研究将提供一个全面和合理的描述美国最大和最神秘的工业集群之一。它将特别说明，一个主要工业集群的动态如何受到全球市场的影响，反过来，全球市场本身如何能够在大部分存在于本地化生产集群的竞争优势的基础上进行竞争。

This project involves an investigation of the spatial and functional logic of the motion-picture industry in Los Angeles. Particular attention will be paid to locational agglomeration and dispersal tendencies in the industry, to the organization of production as a dualistic system of majors and independents, and to the role of distribution in sustaining the economic vibrancy of the entire motion-picture production system. The goals of the project are not only to understand the complexities of this particular case, but to contribute more generally to the our knowledge of cultural industries and their basis in globalizing urban-based production systems. Three major lines of inquiry will be pursued: (1) How is the motion-picture industry of Los Angeles organized in terms of the changing social division of labor? What are the geographical forces that keep the industry locked in to the central agglomeration of Hollywood? Conversely, what is the current level of runaway production from Hollywood, and what factors encourage this phenomenon? (2) What are the roles of majors and independents, their relations, and their impacts on the economic and locational dynamics of the industry? (3) How is the distribution of the products of Hollywood's motion-picture agglomeration organized and how does the distribution system help to consolidate (or undermine) the competitive supremacy of this agglomeration? The project will conduct a mail and email survey of over 1200 motion-picture companies, followed by interviews of selected company representatives.This research will provide a comprehensive and reasoned description of one of America's largest and most enigmatic industrial agglomerations. It will show, in particular, how the dynamics of a major industrial cluster are shaped by global markets, and conversely, how global markets themselves can be contested on the basis of competitive advantages residing for the most part in localized clusters of production.