Science Cities, the History and Geography of Science- Technology Growth Centers

自第二次世界大战以来，以科学为基础的“高科技”产业已成为发达经济体的发动机。通过鼓励研究企业和产业合作来提高国家竞争力和区域发展的努力有多种形式，但最引人注目的是科学/技术-产业互动区域综合体或“增长中心”。这一现象在世界范围内都很明显。在美国，“波士顿附近的128号公路”和加利福尼亚州圣克拉拉县的“硅谷”就是规模最大、最成功的例子。这些研究区域或“科学城”相对较少受到科学技术史学家的关注。利用这笔初始拨款，分别是科学和技术历史学家的卡尔贡博士和莱斯利博士以及地理学家勋伯格博士将合作，努力组织一项关于科学-技术研究和工业综合体的根源、性质和动态的跨学科研究。他们打算以硅谷和128号公路为原型，研究三个案例。这笔赠款将使他们能够确定这三个研究地点，确定每个地点最重要的机构行为者，并评估关键的档案和出版的资料来源。

Since World War II, science-based or "high tech" industry has become the motor of advanced economies. Efforts to enhance national competitiveness and regional development by encouraging cooperation between research enterprises and industry has taken several forms, but one of the most dramatic has been the science/technology-industry interactive regional complex or "growth-center." This phenomenon has been in evidence world- wide. In the United States, "Route 128 near Boston and "Silicon Valley" in Santa Clara County, California, have been the largest and most successful examples. These research regions or "science cities" have received relatively little attention from historians of science and technology. With this initial grant, Drs. Kargon and Leslie, who are respectively historians of science and technology, and Dr. Schoenberger, a geographer, will collaborate in an effort to organize an interdisciplinary study of the roots, nature and dynamics of science-technology research and industry complexes. Starting with Silicon Valley and Route 128 as prototypes, they intend to examine three case studies. This grant will allow them to identify these three study sites, locate the most significant institutional actors within each site, and assess the key archival and published sources.