The Evolution of Solar Magnetic Fields

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This grant covers part of the operation of the Big Bear Solar Observatory, emphasizing high-resolution imaging in multiple wavelengths, measurement of longitudinal and transverse magnetic fields, and image processing based on video and digital images. The program focuses on the evolution of magnetic fields, both in the active and quiet sun. Major programs over the next three years will be: 1. Round-the-clock observations of solar magnetic fields. Study of the evolution of small magnetic elements and the equilibrium of creation and destruction of field elements. 2. Study of emerging flux regions and how sunspots develop. 3. Investigation of the detailed relationship between magnetic elements and photospheric and chromospheric phenomena. 4. Observations of the Wilson effect and other properties of sunspots. 5. Measurement of transverse magnetic fields with the existing magnetograph and connection of these fields with flare occurrence. 6. High-time-resolution videotape recording of flares aimed at finding the sources of spike events. 7. Study of the diffusion of magnetic elements from the active regions of the new cycle and the reversal of the polar field. 8. A special study of the circumstances of impulsive flares will be made, with the object of determining if there are special circumstances in which those flares occur. 9. Continuation of operation of the Tel Aviv photoheliograph. 10. Studies of solar magnetic fields and the temperature minimum using the 12-micron lines. 11. Continuation of our high-resolution long-term observational programs on active regions including support of various rocket, balloon and other special intervals, maintaining a data base on solar activity for the solar community. 12. Development and increased utilization of digital data obtained with CCD's, leading to all-electronic data recording. The overall aim is to understand flares and sunspots due to the rise and climax of the next activity cycle.